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Communication Quiz 3
Communication Quiz 3: Cameras
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| How old is camera technology? | It has been around since the mid 1800s; the first "film" was a sequence of images of a running horse in 1878 by Eudweard Muybridge. |
| Who is the king of patents? | Thomas Edison (the kinetograph) a camera that took a series of photographs of moving objects to create the illusion of motion |
| DSLR stands for... | Digital single-lens reflex camera (it does not use film); uses a mirror to direct light from the lens to the camera's sensor |
| DSLR vs. Mirrorless | Mirrorless goes right from aperture right into the shutter unit; you are looking at a screen; DSLR has a mirror and relies more heavily on lenses. Mirrorless cameras are usually more lightweight |
| The ability to change lenses is what changed the game for camera technology | True |
| What is a prosumer? | An amateur who purchases equipment with quality or features suitable for professional use; a design for the consumer who wants a high-quality video camera that's easy to use and affordable |
| What is a cinema camera? | Any classic camera that is designed primarily around shooting video first |
| What are some other names for a cinema camera? | Video camera, camcorder, studio camera, television camera, movie camera, film camera, digital camera, etc. |
| Some obvious differences between a DSLR camera and a cinema camera include: | Size, price, lens, cinema cameras do not take good photos; lens variation; cinema cameras are designed to shoot videos; Cinema cameras are roughly 10 times more expensive than DSLR cameras; cinema cameras have larger sensors |
| More specific differences between Cinema cameras and DSLR (know these) | - Cost - Sensor size - Ergonomics -Recording length -Audio quality -Video quality -Shutter speed -Time (recording time) |
| Prime lens | A fixed focal length photographic lens (it does not zoom) |
| What does the aperture do? | It controls depth of field/amount of light entering the lens; typically with a maximum aperture from f2.8 to f1.2 (lens opening) |
| Zoom lens | A mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length can be varied; allows for adjustment of angle of view, without moving the camera (as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens) |
| What is focal length? | The optical distance (usually measured in mm) from the point where the light meets inside the lens to the camera's senso. |
| What are other differences between DSLR and Cinema cams? | Audio ports on cinema cams, cinema cams have better video quality but poor photo quality; DSLR cameras have a detachable lens (some cinema cams have fixed lenses but not all) |
| What is a gimbal head? | A type of tripod head that perfectly balances the weight of the camera so that you can effortlessly move it horizontally and vertically |
| The two primary types of lenses are... | Prime and zoom lenses |
| Depth of Field | Establishing a focal distance between the camera and subject; distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo; can make backgrounds seem blurry |
| In a large depth of field, the focal distance is larger (less around the figure is blurry) | True; in a shallow DOF, the subject is closer to the camera and there is more blur as a result |
| What are some common lens sizes? | s 35mm, 85mm, 50mm, 120mm (50 is standard lens). 35 mm shows most of the subject, 120mm restricts the subject |
| A larger aperture lets in more light | True. |
| What is shutter speed? | How many times the camera shutter opens (affects how much light reaches the sensor) |
| Frame Rate (FPS) | Frames per second (how many frames go past the lens per second) |
| The slow motion effect is a result of shooting at more frames per second (it is slower so more need to be seen) | True. |
| What is the standard playback rate/most commonly used frame rate? | 24 FPS |
| This is called over-cranking; the more frames you shoot, the more the image is slowed down | True. |
| What is aspect ratio? | The proportional relationship between the width and height of an image or video; the horizontal and vertical measurement of the screen |
| What are some common aspect ratios? | 4K ultra HD, UHD 8k, 6k, 5k, UHD 4k, HD 1080p (1920x1080) (standard) 720p (these represent how many pixels are being shown |
| Common aspect ratios used in the past (know these) | 1.85:1 and 2.40:1 in cinematography, 4:3 and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography; 16:9 is the most commonly used aspect ratio today!! |
| What is the "cinematic" aspect ratio used in movies? Also known as the "normal widescreen" aspect ratio? mostly used in past | 2.35:1; 1.85:1 is also considered a normal widescreen aspect ratio |
| What was the original aspect ratio (used first in silent films?) | 1.33:1 or 4:3 |
| What is an anamorphic lens? | A lens that distorts an image so it can be squeezed back into its original shape later; allows for a wider aspect ratio by stretching the image; compresses images horizontally to create a wider field of view and aspect ratio |
| Which aspect ratio became the standard aspect ratio (for TVs and computer monitors mainly?) | 16.9 became the standard aspect ratio |
| What qualities do cinema cameras NEED to have? | They need to have a good focal range and they need to be parfocal; operators need to be able to adjust the damping level (how much vibration affects the footage); image stabilization, motorized controls, good tripod, big aperture |
| In traditional video, the environment adapts to the camera. In broadcasting, the camera adapts to the environment | True! |
| What is a parfocal lens? | A lens that is always in focus even when you zoom in and out; a lens that remains in focus even as the magnification or focal length changes |
| Studio cameras are usually mounted on a tripod | True. |
| What camera solved the issue with gimbal stabilization and made many innovative updates to the standard cinema camera? | The Ronin 4D. It has a built-in gimbal, wireless technology, and liDAR technology to keep the subject in focus |
| Filmmaking is a muscle you need to strengthen, and a good story can overcome cheap technology | True. |
| The three main components of a camera are... | 1. Lens 2. Sensor 3. Battery |
| Why is 16:9 the most commonly used aspect ratio now? | It is the average of a film ratio; it is commonly used on phones and is accessible |
Created by:
FaithMcBaith
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