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powerpoints11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percent of adolescents display healthy self-image? | 73% (reported by Daniel Offer) |
| characteristics of a healthy self-image | happiness, self-control, life enjoyment, positive view of school/work, and confident sexual self image |
| G Stanley Hall believed adolescence was | adolescence was a time of storm and stress |
| What influences the life trajectory of every adolescent? | ethnic, cultural, gender, SES, age & lifestyle |
| primary sex traits | those characters in the male or female that are directly involved in reproduction; the gonads and their accessory structures. |
| secondary sex traits | are features that distinguish the two sexes of a species, but that are not directly part of the reproductive system. (breast, facial hair) |
| Influences on adolescent behavior & play a role in hormonal release | daily routines (eating & sleeping habit), & social, sexual & psychological experiences (depression) |
| Puberty rates | 1) US puberty up to 1 year earlier than European children |
| Appearance Trends for Boys | boys have positive attitude about appearance & therefore endorse more engagement in risky sexual behavior |
| Appearance Trends for Girls | girls who have positive attitude about appearance endorse less engagement in risky behavior (insecure girls more likely to have sex earlier) |
| What does lower body satisfaction lead to? | places adolescents at greater risk for overall health problems ...eating disorder, depression, anxiety |
| Worst aspects of being a girl | biology of being female, includes childbirth, PMS, periods, and breast cancer |
| Worst aspects of being a boy | aspects of discipline-getting in trouble & being blamed more than girls even if not their fault) |
| Best aspects of being a girl | appearance-choosing clothes, hair styles, & beauty treatments |
| Best aspects of being a boy | playing sports |
| effects of boy's early onset of maturation | have more positive self perception & more successful peer relationships compared to boy's late onset(research says better to be early) |
| effects of boy's late onset of maturation | by age 30 years, have stronger sense of identity compared to boy's early onset (had more time to explore life's options) |
| effects of girl's early onset of maturation | show greater satisfaction with figures in sixth grade compared to late onset girls; more likely to smoke,drink,struggle w/ individuation, have older friends & elicit reactions from boys=early dating and sex;shorter and stockier |
| effects of girl's late onset of maturation | show greater satisfaction w/figures by 10th grade than early girls; they are taller and thinner |
| areas that change in the brain | corpus callosum, prefrontal cortex, amygdala |
| sexual exploration | adolescents have an increased curiosity about sexuality & experimentation |
| what effects sexual identities? | cultural values/norms influence the development of |
| US trends on sexual behavior | TV, video games, magazines, music lyrics, & websites offer increased exposure to sexual behaviors & more frequent viewing & stronger ID w/popular TV character =greater levels of sexual activity among peer groups |
| US trends on sexual behavior | 12-17 year olds-watching more sexually explicit TV linked to increased likelihood of initiating sexual intercourse w/in next 12 months |
| US trends on sexual behavior | those in highest 10% of sexually explicit TV viewing were 2X more likely to engage in sexual intercourse compared to those in the lowers 10% |
| forming sexual identity requires management of | sexual feelings (arousal/attraction), broadening sense of intimacy & learning to regulate sexual behavior to prevent/avoid undesirable consequences |
| Sexual ID | activities, interests, styles of behavior & indication of sexual orientation |
| same sex attraction | can be abrupt or gradual & is usually a struggle in childhood |
| % of sexual intercourse in HS | 63% of 12 graders 34% of 9th graders |
| early sexual intercourse leads to (15 years old) | substance abuse; feeling distant from parents, having low self esteem & watching extensive TV |
| Adolescent Pregnancy | us has one of the highest rates in industrialized world; 2004 # of births to adolescent girls was at a record low; dropped by 30% since 1991 likely due to contraception use |
| infants born to adolescent moms are more likely | have low birth weights (LBW), childhood illnesses,& neurological problems |
| adolescent moms often | drop out of school but likely return to school later in life;to come from low SES backgrounds |
| children of adolescent mothers | lower achievement scores & more behavior problems |
| Substance Use & Abuse Trends | 8-12th graders who used illicit drugs declined in late 1990; significant in alcohol use in recent years |
| cigarette smoking | likely to begin in 7th grade and become a regular habit in adolescence because of having friends who smoke, weak academic orientation & low parental support |
| Vicodin use | 18% of adolescents |
| Oxycontin use | 10% of adolescents |
| Prevention of substance abuse & use | parents, peer, social support, & educational success |
| reasons for eating disorders | body image dissatisfaction increased likelihood of developing eating disorder; sexual activity among adolescent girls increased likelihood; idealized commercial role models & images in media increased body image dissatisfaction |
| what increased healthy eating habits of adolescents | parents serving as health role models for eating patterns & exercise |
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