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Psychology
chapter 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychology | the scientific study of behavior and mental processes |
| Psychologists try to: | describe, predict and explain human behavior and mental processes using scientific methods to find answers |
| Structuralism | a focus on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, hinting and other kinds of mental stats and activities |
| Who made the idea of Structuralism | Wihelm Wundt |
| Introspection | A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulous |
| Functionalism | an approach that concentrates on what the mind does and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments (William James) |
| Personality is primarily: | unconscious and motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which people have little awareness |
| Psychoanalytic theory | focuses on the role of a person’s unconscious, as well as early childhood experience |
| Gestalt Psychology | uses a series of principles to describe how we organize bits and pieces of info into meaningful wholes |
| Ivan Pavlov | classical conditioning (example: a dog associates his owner going outside as time to walk) |
| behaviorism | shift from mind to behavior |
| humanism | a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. also emphasize free will |
| Pyramid (from bottom to top) | Physiological: food, water shelter, warmth Security: safety, employment, assets Social: family, friendship, infancy, belonging Esteem: self worth, accomplishment, confidence Self-actualization: inner fulfillment |
| Margaret Floy Washburn | first woman to earn a doctorate in psychology |
| What did Margaret Washburn do? | She researched on animal behavior and published an authoritative tex on the subject |
| Contemporary subfields of Psychology | Behavioral genetics, behavioral neuroscience, clinical psychology, clinical neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, counseling psychology, , cross cultural psychology |
| Biopsychology/Neuropsychology | -Major Subfield -biological foundations of behavior |
| Biopsychology | focuses on how the brain and the nervous system, as well as other biological aspects of he body, determine behavior (other names neuroscience, behavioral neuroscience, neuropsychology) |
| Experimental/Cognitive Psychology | -Major subfield -sub-specialty of experimental psychology focusing on higher mental processes, such as thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making and language |
| Developmental Psychology | studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death |
| Personality Psychology | focuses on consistency in people’s behavior across their lives as well as traits that differentiate person from person |
| Health Psychology | explores the relationship between psychological factors nd physical ailments or disease |
| Clinical psychology | deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders |
| Counseling psychology | focuses primarily on educational, social and career adjustment problems |
| Social psychology | studies how peoples thoughts, feelings and actions are affected by others |
| cross-cultural psychology | investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups |
| Nature | heredity, biology, skin tone, DNA/genes |
| Nurture | environment, experiences, education, relationships |
Created by:
Gramsammy02
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