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Matter and Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space |
| Physical Property | Properties of matter that we observe with our senses |
| Extrinsic Properties | Depend on the amount of matter present |
| Intrinsic Properties | Do not depend on the amount of matter present |
| Compressible | Packed closely together |
| Phase barriers | The point at which matter changes phase |
| Condensation Point | The temperature at which gas becomes a liquid |
| Freezing point | The temperature at which liquid becomes solid or freezes |
| Melting point | The temperature at which a solid becomes liquid or melts |
| Boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| Sublimation | The evaporation of a substance directly from a solid to a gas without melting (or going through the liquid phase). |
| Deposition | The condensation of a substance directly from a vapor to a solid, without going through the liquid phase. |
| Density | The mass (m) per unit volume (v) of a substance. |
| Density formula | D= m/v |
| Polarity | Affect the interaction of gasses |
| Volatile compound | A small, stable atom such as helium has little attraction for other helium atoms; therefore, it exists as a gas at room temperature |
| What type of shape and volume does a gas have? | A gas such as air, has weight but not a fixed shape or a fixed volume. |
| What type of shape and volume does a solid have? | Definite shape and definite volume |
| What type of shape and volume does a liquid have? | Indefinite shape and definite volume |
| Temperature | Measures the speed of moving particles in an object |
| Volume | Consists of the amount of space that an object takes up |
| Pressure | The amount of force applied on a given surface area |
| What do Gas Laws show? | Describe the relationship between the temperature, pressure, and volume of gasses. |
| Increasing the pressure at a constant temperature _______ the volume of the gas. (Boyle’s Law) | Decreases |
| Increasing the temperature of a gas at constant pressure causes the volume of the gas to ________. (Charles’ Law) | Increase |
| At constant pressure and temperature, the volume of a gas ________ as the number of molecules of the gas increases. (Avogadro’s Law) | Increases |
| Directly Proportional | When one quantity increases, so does the related quantity. The opposite is also true: one decreases the other does too. |
| Inversely Proportional | When the volume increases, pressure decreases and when volume decreases, pressure increases. |
| Internal energy | Electrically charged particles possess energy together |
| Another word for heat | Thermal energy |
| Specific heat | The number of joules (unit of work and energy) required to raise 1 gram of the substance 1 (celsius) or 1 (kelvin) |
| Conduction | Kinetic energy is transferred as particles hit each other directly |
| Convection | Occurs when circulation of heat through gasses or liquids raises the temperature of the whole fluid. |
| Radiation | The transfer of thermal energy as waves. |
| Exothermic reaction | Release thermal energy |
| Endothermic reaction | Heat energy is absorbed |
| Activation energy | The energy needed to start the reaction |
| Catalyst | Can increase the rate of reaction |
Created by:
AlainaQ
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