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"Little death" in childhood
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Protothanatic
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D&DFINAL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "Little death" in childhood | divorce, moving, new siblings |
| Protothanatic | Behavior, such as the child's game of "peekaboo," that involves preparation for concepts about life and death that eventually emerge in later interactions with the environment. |
| Erikson, Piaget and understanding of death | progression through "stages" |
| Erikson 3-6 | preoccupation with bodily harm |
| Piaget 3-6 | magical thinking and realistic causes of death, reversible, disbelief that death can happen |
| Erikson 6-11 | Industry vs. Inferiority, death would deprive child of important sense of recognition, don't want others to know |
| Piaget 6-11 | Being to use logic, more mature concept of death |
| Erikson 11+ | Identity vs. Role confusion, Death can threaten achievement of goals |
| Piaget 11+ | Abstract and symbolic thinking, "won't happen to me" |
| Bereavement in children | child's response to loss, role of guilt (lasting impact on child) adults as "role models" |
| Sibling death | Increases sense of vulnerability to death |
| Parental bereavement | Can strain/stronger relationship with one another, interpretation of each other's behavior. Need communication, social support, and accept differences |
| Childbearing losses | -anger @ child -confusion at that anger -physical reminders ex.lactation -others attempt to minimize the loss in an effort to console |
| Stillbirth | disenfranchised grief |
| Death of a parent | -represents loss of nature and support -may prompt reevaluation in goals, values -launch developmental push toward maturity -heighten recognition of one's own mortality |
| Aging and aged | -may bring reflection about the meaning of mortality and "paths not taken" -old-old is the fastest growing segment of aged population |
| Differences in forms of childbearing losses? | -Miscarriage (20 weeks or prior) -Induced abortion -Infertility -Stillbirth -Neonatal death -SIDS -Adoption |
| Why suicide? | -influenced by culture, personality and life situation -usually not one single answer |
| The psychological autopsy | -clarify mode of death -connection between timing of death and state of mind -may help survivors |
| Limitations to psychological autopsy | -lack of standardized procedures -retrospective nature -may distort representations of the decedent |
| Sociological model | -Emile Durkheim -suicide results from the disturbances in ties between individual and society |
| Egoistic suicide | low social integration "loner", excessive individualism |
| Altruistic suicide | high social regulation, don't have personal identity |
| Anomic suicides | low social regulation (Ex. after natural disaster) |
| Fatalistic suicides | high social regulation (ex. prison) |
| Contemporary model | -sociological and psychological models -eternal and internal forces |
| Psychache | -assaulted self image, avoidance of shame -ruptured key relationships |
| Types of suicide | -escape (physical, emotional) -psychotic depression and suicide -subintentional and chronic suicide ("life in the fast lane") -cry for help |
| Risk factors | -culture -personality -individual situation -biological factors |
| Interpersonal violence vs random violence | low anxiety vs high anxiety |
| Lessening the potential for violence | -avoid labels and dehumanizing -promote communication and contact between potential adversaries -refrain from physical punishment -champion the good guys -teach alternatives to violence -reduce the attractiveness of violence through mass media |
| War | -different rules -psychic numbing -effects on survivors -"phantom army" -post traumatic stress disorder -genocide -technological warfare |
| The mind of a terrorist | -seek to impose their own concepts of right and wrong on those who fail to share their views -believe that they are engaged in a worthy and just struggle |
| Noncorporeal continuity | the notion that life continues in some form after death is one of the oldest concepts held by human beings |
| % of Americans that believe in life after death | 80% |
| Jewish beliefs about death | -body remains intact with soul -heaven or hell |
| Classic Greek beliefs about death | -eternal life -mourn for 40 days |
| Islamic beliefs about death | -afterlife is both physical and spiritual |
| Asian beliefs about death | -death is enemy of life -transfer of being to another body (or part of being) -reincarnation |
| Hindu beliefs about death | -Samsara (journey of stories of reincarnation) -foundation of moral order -personification of time |
| Buddhist beliefs about death | -no self (liberated after death) |
| Secular concepts | -death divorced from religious and mythic meanings -emphasis on scientific and rational -Humanism, positivism, and existentialism are are ex. of secular alternatives to religious orientations -person may hold both religious and secular beliefs same |
| Secularization | "the process in modern societies whereby reose their religious ideas, practice, and organizations lose their influence in the face of scientific and other knowledge" |
| Humanism | Achievements (cultural and intellectual) that you accomplished |
| Positivism | Scientific method, directly observed. Do we see it in nature? |
| Existentialism | Focusing on individual responsibility on who I am now and how will my name continue? |
| Near death experience | Dr.Raymond Moody, 5% of population (774 each day) Proof of life after death vs. response to the threat of death |
Created by:
KSiobhan