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Neuro Prototypes
PHARM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| drugs for muscle spasms | baclofen and dantrolene |
| drugs for seizure disorders | phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid, oxcarbazepine |
| drugs for anesthesia | lidocaine, methohexital sodium, midazolam, and fetanyl |
| drugs for ADHD + narcolepsy | amphetamine/dextroamphetamine sulfate, methylphenidate, modafinil |
| baclofen action | centrally acting muscle relaxant, enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA in order to suppress reflexes in area of activity **cerebral palsy, MS, and injury |
| baclofen complications, contraindications, and interactions | complications- dry mouth, sedation, urinary retention, constipation (SLOW) contraindications: cholinergic meds, MAOIs in past 2 weeks interactions: anticholinergic can increase sedations, serotonin syndrome |
| baclofen administration, interventions, and education | given orally with food or milk, or intrathecal pump increase fluids and dietary fiber do not drive, and taper off 1-2 weeks (do not stop abruptly) |
| dantrolene action | peripherally acting muscle relaxant (skeletal), inhibits the release of Ca thats needed in muscle contraction **spinal cord injury, MS, cerebral palsy |
| dantrolene complications, contraindications, interactions | liver toxicity with longer treatment contraindications: liver disease interactions: other calcium channel blockers increase risk for cardiac arrhythmias (problem with heart contracting) |
| dantrolene administration, interventions, and education | adminstered orally or IV, bolus in emergency monitor liver function tests (LFTs) educate patients of prolonged diarrhea (notify provider), and to report liver dysfunction take med orally for 1-2 days pre-op |
| phenytoin action | anti-seizure medication; decreases the neuronal activity of seizure generating cells in the brain which inhibits the influx of Na through sodium channels |
| phenytoin complications, contraindications, and interactions | complications include gingival hyperplasia, skin rash (steven johnson syndrome) contraindications include bradycardia/heart block interactions include incompatible in solution with other meds and dextrose, decreased efficacy of OHC |
| phenytoin administration, interventions, education | inject IV form slowly to prevent cardiac collapse if given too quickly, narrow therapeutic range monitor for rash and discontinue if one occurs dental checkups, pregnancy X |
| carbamazepine action | anticonvulsants and treats malignant hyperthermia, inhibits the influx of Na through Na channels which decreased the discharge of neurons in the area of increased activity |
| carbamazepine complications, contraindications, and interactions | can cause bone marrow suppression contraindicated is pregnancy, birth control, pregnancy X interactions include grapefruit juice, OC, and other meds |
| carbamazepine administration, intervention, and and education | oral/IV test for HLA-B*1502 gene in patients with Asian descent as it can increased risk of severe skin rash educate patients on the importance of reporting fluid retention (edema) |
| valproic acid action | anticonvulsants; inhibit influx of Na into the channels, also affects influx of Ca and enhances inhibitory effects of GABA can also treat migraines |
| valproic acid complications, contraindications, interactions | complications are GI upset (at first), bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity contraindicated with pregnancy high risk for hyperammonemia |
| valproic acid administrations, interventions, and education | oral/IV administration check ammonia levels, LFTs, and CBC educate patient on neuro symptoms |
| oxcarbazepine action | anticonvulsant; binds to Na channels, inhibiting release of glutamate (excitatory neurotransmitter) |
| oxcarbazepine complications, contraindications, interactions | complications include SJS, hypothyroidism, leukopenia, osteopenia (bone marrow suppression) precautions include pregnancy C, allergies risk for hyponatremia, reduce effectiveness of OHC |
| oxcarbazepine administration, interventions, and education | oral table or liquid monitor Na levels neuro symtoms, HLAB*1502 (skin reaction) |
| lidocaine action | local anesthetics (anesthesia, topical, epidural); block influx of Na through channels, prevent depolarization (action potential) |
| lidocaine complications, contraindications, interactions | complication is CNS affects with high doses increase dose= neuro symptoms do not use topical on broken skin beta blockers, phenytoin are interactions |
| lidocaine administration, interventions, education | administer topically, or injection (with epinephrine makes it last longer) interventions include monitoring cardiac function and patient behavior (neuro) educate them that it wears off slowly |
| methohexital sodium action | short acting barbatuates; used during general anesthesia by causing CNS decrease and enhancement of GABA induces anesthesia, short procedures, **does not help pain |
| methohexital sodium complications, contraindications, and interactions | works through GABA to lower HR and BP, watch for increased HR = respiratory depression interacts with other CNS depressants contraindications with renal function |
| methohexital sodium administration, interventions, and education | IV injection/infusion only monitor for respiratory or cardiac failure, extravasation educate them on the short action, and potential for abuse |
| midozolam action | anesthetics; CNS depressants that enhance inhibitory affects of GABA which increases hypnotic and sedation |
| midazolam complications, contraindications, and interactions | complication includes induced sleep and respiratory depression contraindications include temporary amnesia interactions are other CNS depressants |
| midazolam administration, interventions, education | IV/IM monitor respiratory/cardiac function, too much too soon, give with pain meds for procedures educate them on the potential for abuse |
| fetanyl action | opiod (pain); narcotic agonists given for analgesic and sedation--- supplement to general anesthesia |
| fetanyl complications, contraindications, precautions | complications include respiratory depression, constipation, nausea and itching contraindications include substance use disorder interactions include MAOI x2 weeks, respiratory depression |
| fetanyl administration, interventions, education | administer lozenge, patches, IV, oral monitor vital signs as nurse educate on abuse potential |
| methylphenidate action | CNS stimulant; increase neurotransmitter release **treats ADHD and narcolepsy |
| methylphenidate complications, contraindications, interactions | complications include tolerance and withdrawal, growth suppression, nausea, and nervousness contraindications includes potential for abuse, HTN, malnutrition interactions with vitamin C, MAOIs, caffeine (stimulants) |
| methylphenidate administration, interventions, education | administration can be oral or ER forms interventions include give dose early, monitor weight and height, watch vital signs and possible drug holidays educate patient on tapering off drug and holidays |
| modafinil action | non-amphetamines, block reuptake of norepinephrine; allowing a longer range of action Uses: promotes wakefulness (narcolepsy), shift work sleepiness, and obstructive sleep apnea |
| modafinil complications, contraindications, interactions | complications include nausea, diarrhea, HA, tachycardia, HTN (paradoxical) precautions for <16 years old interacts with OHC, amphetamines, other stimulants |
| modafinil administration, interventions, education | administration is oral interventions include monitoring for HTN, HR, restlessness, psych symptoms educate on SJS rash, take with food to avoid GI upset (n/v/d), take 1 hour before shift |
Created by:
ELoranger
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