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Ch 1 Terminiology
PHAR 109 Unit 1 Chapter 1 (2024)
| Answer | Question |
|---|---|
| Absorption | The drug moves from the site of administration into the bloodstream (most often occurs in the small intestine) |
| Addiction | A dependence characterized by a perceived need to use a drug for its mood-altering effects |
| Additive effect | The combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone |
| Adverse effect | An unintended, undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect |
| Affinity | The strength of the drugs or chemical messanger ability to bind to the receptor |
| Agonist | A drug that triggers a response |
| Alternative medicine | Medical products and practices that are not part of standard care and are used in place of conventional practice |
| Anaphylaxis | Severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction |
| Antagonism | The action of one drug negates the action of a second drug. |
| Antagonist | A drug that blocks a responsse (inhibitor, blocker, anti-) |
| Bioavailability | Amount of a drug available in the blood stream |
| Bioengineered Drug | drugs that come from biological sources (genes, proteins) |
| Blood-brain barrier | A semi-permiable membrane that protects the brain and spinal column |
| Brand Name | trade name; proprietary (owned by a specific company) |
| Ceiling effect | The maximal therapeutic effect (the point where there is not additonal therapeutic response as the dose is increased ) |
| Clearance | The rate at which the drug is eliminated from the body |
| Complementary medicine | The combination of conventional (standard) medical care WITH the use of alternative medicine |
| Contraindication | A disease or condition when a drug should not be used |
| Dependence | A state in which a person’s body adapts physiologically and psychologically to a drug and cannot function without it |
| Distribution | The way the drug moves through the body to its site of action (most often via the circulatory system/blood stream) |
| Dose | The amount of the drug |
| Drug | a chemical that makes a change in the body |
| Duration of action | How long a drug will produce it's therapeutic effect |
| ED50 | Effective Dose 50 - The amount of drug that creates a response in 1/2 the people it is given to |
| Elimination | The removal of the (active) drug from the body (most common route of excretion is the kidneys) |
| First-Pass Effect | Metabolism in the liver before a drug reaches the systemic circulation which will reduce the bioavailability of a drug |
| Generic Name | non-proprietary, "common" name |
| Half-life (t1/2) | The time it takes the body to eliminate half of such a drug |
| Hypersensitivity | An allergic response |
| Idiosyncratic reaction | An unusual or unexpected response to a drug that is unrelated to the dose given |
| Indication | Why a drug is used |
| Induction | Increases the activation of enzymes |
| Inhibition | Decreases the production of enzymes |
| Interactions | a change in the action of a drug that is caused by another drug, a food, or a substance |
| LD50 | Lethal Dose 50 - The dose of a drug where 50% of patients could have a fatal outcome |
| Lipid soluble | Dissolves in fats |
| Loading dose | A first dose that is higher at the start of treatment to ensure blood concentration is at therapeutic level quickly |
| Local Effect | effect confined to a specific part of the body |
| Maintenance dose | A dose given at regular intervals to keep the drug at a therapeutic level |
| Maximum effective dose | The greatest amounf (dose) of o drug to give a therapeutic (helpful) outcome (higher is only hurtful or no greater response |
| Mechanism of Action | How a drug produces it's effects |
| Metabolic pathway | The enzyme system that changes the drug |
| Metabolism | The process of changing the drug (most often occurs in the liver) |
| Minimum effective dose | The lowest amounf (dose) of o drug to give a therapeutic (helpful) outcome |
| Non-Proprietary | common use, no one owns it |
| On-set of action | The point on a time-response curve where the drug takes effect |
| Pharmacodynamics | The DRUG'S effect on the body |
| Pharmacokinetics | The BODY's effect on the drug |
| Pharmacology | the study of drugs |
| Potentiation | One drug increases or prolongs the action of another drug, |
| Prophylactic | to prevent |
| Proprietary | Owned by a company (Brand or Trade name) |
| Receptor | The location on a cell where a drug attaches |
| Side effect | Secondary effect of a drug; can be undesirable. |
| Site of Action | Where a drug exerts its effect |
| Specificity | The receptor and drug relationship that allows bind (the 'fit' of the drug to the receptor) |
| Synergism | The combined effect of two drugs is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects. |
| Systemic effect | effect on the entire body |
| Termination of action | The point on a time-response curve where the drug no longer has a therapeutic effect |
| Therapeutic | to treat |
| Therapeutic index | The range of dosing that provides optimal therapeutic effect with the least amount of toxicity (same as therapeutic range or therapeutic window) |
| Therapeutic range | The range of dosing that provides optimal therapeutic effect with the least amount of toxicity (same as therapeutic index or therapeutic window) |
| Tolerance | A decrease in response to the effects of a drug with continued administration |
| Water soluble | Dissolves in water |
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alavance
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