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Cardiovascular 22
Test review for the Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angina | A severe, often constricting pain affecting the chest region, caused by lack of oxygen to the heart cells |
| Arrhythmia | Irregular rhythm of the heart |
| Coagulation | To solidify or change from a fluid state to a solid state *blood clot formation |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Accumulation of blood in the ciculatory system caused by the inability of the heart to pump efficiently |
| Coronary Artery Disease | A common term used for several diseases the affect the heart |
| Diuretic | An agent that increases urine output and dieresis |
| Enzyme | A protien that speeds up a reaction by reducing to amount of energy required to initiate a reaction; *biological catalyst |
| Hyperlipidemia | High concentration of lipids in the circulatory system |
| Hypertension | High Blood Pressure |
| Hypotension | Low Blood Pressure |
| Myocardial Infarction | Death of a heart muscle |
| Stroke | Impaired cerebral blood flow causes thrombosis, hemorrhage, or embolism |
| Thromin | An enzyme that is formed in coagulating blood from prothrombin; reacts with fibrinogen which is essential in the formation of blood clots |
| Thrombolytic | Medications used to break up a thrombus or a blood clot |
| Endocardium | Smooth accordion pleat-like surface that allows the heart walls to collapse |
| Myocardium | Heart muscle that contracts |
| Epicardium | Outter layer of the heart; inner layer of the pericardium |
| Systole | Myocardium squeezes blood from the heart chamber into the pulmonary artery or aorta |
| Diastole | Blood is allowed to refill the chambers (relaxation) |
| Arteriosclerosis | Disease od the arterial vessels resulting from thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity in the arterial walls |
| Atherosclerosis | Form of arteriosclerosis resulting from cholesterol-lipid calcium deposits in the walls of arteries |
| Prehypertensive State | Blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg to 140/90 mm Hg |
| Transient Ischemic Attacks | Short duration of a reduction of oxygen to the brain and are caused by atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease |
| Bile Acid Squestrants | Increase the loss of cholesterol, especially LDL |
| HMG-COA Reductase Inhibitors | Raise HDL and lower LDL |
| Antarrhythmics | Induce regular heartbeats |
| Cardiac Glycosides | Increase forcefulness of the pumping of the heart |
| Thiazide / Thiazide like agents | Increase urinary excretion |
| Loop Diuretics | Cause large amounts of urine to be excreted |
| Potassium-Sparing | Eliminate urine by interruptin the sodium reabsorption |
| Carbonic Anhydrase | Inhibit hydrogen secretion by the renal tubule, causing loss of potassium and sodium |
| Osmotic Diuretics | Eliminate water weight by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate |
| Calcium Channel Blockers | Decrease calcium intake by the heart and blood vessels |
| Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes Agents | Cause a decrease of pressure in the arteries |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Agents | Inhibit effects of angiotensin II receptors in vascular muscles |
| Beta-Blocking Agents | Block various enzymes, such as epinephrine, that cause high blood pressure |
| Nitrates | Dilate the arteries to permit an increase of blood flow through the heart muscle |
| Anticoagulants | Converts blood-clotting fibrin into another substance |
| Thrombolytics | Dissolve blood clots |
Created by:
CourtneyManchester
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