Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
PSYCH CH2/3
The Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nervous system | the body’s electrochemical communication circuitry |
| Characteristics of Nervous System: | Complexity. • Integration. • Adaptability, or plasticity—the brain’s special capacity for change. • Electrochemical transmission. |
| Afferent Nerves | AKA sensory nerves carry information from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord |
| Efferent Nerves | AKA motor nerves carry information out of the brain and spinal cord to other areas of the body |
| divisions of Nervous System | Central nervous system (CNS) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
| Major divisions of PNS | Somatic Nervous System and autonomic nervous system are |
| Somatic nervous system | the sensory nerves that convey information from the skin and muscles to the central nervous system |
| Autonomic nervous system | takes messages to and from the body’s internal organs and monitors body processes. 6 |
| two parts of Autonomic nervous system are | sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system |
| Sympathetic nervous system | "fight or flight" arouses the body to mobilize it for action and thus is involved in the experience of stress |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | "rest and digest" calms the body. |
| stress | the body’s response to stressors |
| neurons | nerve cells that handle the information-processing function |
| glial cells | provide support, nutritional benefits, and other functions (caretaker of the nervous system) |
| cell structure of neuron | dendrites, cell body and axon (in this order) |
| Cell body | the part of the neuron containing the nucleus, which directs the manufacture of necessary substances |
| Dendrites | treelike fibers projecting from a neuron, which receive information and orient it toward the cell body. |
| axon | carries information away from the cell body toward other cells |
| myelin sheath | a layer of fat cells that encases and insulates most axons |
| how do you transmit information? | a neuron sends brief electrical impulses through its axon to the next neuron. neuron creates electrical signals by moving pos and neg ions back and fourth |
| resting potential: | stable, neg charge of an inactive neuron not firing |
| synapses | tiny spaces between neurons |
| neurotransmitters | chemical substances stored in tiny sacs within the neuron’s terminal buttons that are involved in transmitting information across a synaptic gap. |
| nerve | collection of axons in the body that travel together through the body |
| GABA | gamma-aminobutyric acid linked with anxiety helps control precision of the signal being carried from one neuron to another |
| action potential: | release of the neural impulses that sweeps down the axon |
| all or none principle | neurons fires intensely and moves down the axon without lossing the intensity |
| acetylcholine | important in memory, muscle contractions found in Alzheimer's |
| Excitatory neurotransmitter - | neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire |
| Inhibitory neurotransmitter - | neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing. |
| reuptake | neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles |
| enzyme | complex protein that is manufactured by cells |
| CNS | Central Nervous System- part of nervous system consisting brain and spinal cord |
| Sensation | receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy |
| perception | organizing and interpreting sensory information so that it makes sense |
| sensory receptors | specialized cells that detect stimulus information and transmit it to sensory (afferent) nerves and the brain |
| types of sensory receptors | photoreception mechanoreception chemoreception |
| photoreception | light, perceived as sight |
| mechanoreception | pressure, vibration and movement, perceived as touch, hearing and balance |
| chemoreaction | chemical stimuli, perceived as smell and taste |
| weber's law | two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than a constant amount) to be perceived as different. |
| absolute threshold | min amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect |
| difference threshold | noticeable difference in degree before the stimuli is detected |
| subliminal perception | the detection of information below the level of conscious awareness |
| signal detection theory | an approach to perception that focuses on decision making about stimuli in the presence of uncertainty. |
| selective attention | focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others |
| Inattentional blindness: | failure to detect unexpected events when attention is engaged by a task |
| perceptual set | a predisposition or readiness to perceive something in a particular way |
| sensory adaptation | a change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimulation |
| pupil | opening in the center of the eye |
| iris | the colored part |
| cornea and lens | bring image into focus |
| retina | back of eye |
| rods | (black and white) receptor cells sensitive to light but not useful for color vision |
| cones | receptor that allow for color perception |
| fovea | tiny area in the center of the retina at which vision is at its best only contains cones |
| Trichromatic theory: | color perception is produced by three types of cone receptors in the retina |
| thermoreceptors | sensory nerve endings under the skin ro respond to changes in temperature |
| Gestalt psychology | a school of thought interested in how people naturally organize their perceptions acording to certain patterns |
| papillae | bumps on tongue |
Created by:
jcazares10
Popular Psychology sets