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ESOLNature of Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It determines the chemical properties of the element. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element. Đơn vị nhỏ nhất của một nguyên tố giữ lại các tính chất hóa học của nguyên tố. Наименьшая единица элемента, сохраняющая химические свойства элемента. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process when the atoms and molecules of one or more substances rearrange to form new substances. Breaking and reforming of chemical bonds. |
| Element | A simple substance that cannot be broken down into other substances with the help of chemical reactions. |
| Compound | Two or more elements chemically bonded together. Hai hoặc nhiều nguyên tố liên kết hóa học với nhau.Два или более элементов, химически связанных между собой. Dos o más elementos unidos químicamente entre sí. |
| Family/Group | A column of elements that share similar chemical or physical properties. These elements have the same number of valence electrons. |
| Homogeneous | A physical blend of two or more substances that are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated. |
| Heterogeneous | A substance that has different, visible components. It has non-uniform composition. |
| Electron | A subatomic particle found in an electron cloud, surrounding the nucleus on an atom. This subatomic particle has a negative charge. |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object. It does not change based on location of object. for example: Same on earth or on moon! |
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. Bất cứ thứ gì có khối lượng và chiếm không gian. Все, что имеет массу и занимает место. Cualquier cosa que tenga masa y ocupe espacio. |
| Mixture | When two or more substances are combined so that each substance retains its chemical identity. |
| Nucleus | The central core of an atom. It contains the protons and neutrons. It is positively charged. It has approximately all of the atoms mass. |
| Period | A horizontal row on the periodic table. All elements here have the same energy level surrounding its nucleus. |
| Physical Change | A change to a state of matter or energy. Occurs when substances a.re mixed but do not chemically react. |
| Pure Substance | A single substance made up of one type of particle, either an element or a compound |
| Chemical property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed when it undergoes a chemical change. For example "rust" or "Bananas forming black spots on its peel". |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that are completely dissolved. Một hỗn hợp đồng nhất của hai hoặc nhiều chất được hòa tan hoàn toàn.Однородная смесь двух или более веществ, которые полностью растворены. |
| A Solute | A substance that is mixed into another substance. Một chất được trộn vào một chất khác. Вещество, которое смешивается с другим веществом. Una sustancia que se mezcla con otra sustancia. |
| A Solvent | A substance that can dissolve other substance. Một chất có thể hòa tan các chất khác. Вещество, способное растворять другое вещество. Sustancia que puede disolver otra sustancia. |
| "Thermal" Energy | The kinetic energy of a substances atoms and molecules when they are randomly moving resulting in the "temperature" of the substance |
| Kinetic Energy | The amount of energy of a substance due to motion. Количество энергии вещества, обусловленное движением. Lượng năng lượng của một chất do chuyển động. La cantidad de energía de una sustancia debido al movimiento. |
| Valence Electron | The electrons located on the outer energy level of an atom. Các electron nằm ở mức năng lượng bên ngoài của một nguyên tử. Электроны расположены на внешнем энергетическом уровне атома. Los electrones ubicados en el nivel de energía exterior de un átomo. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element. La unidad más pequeña de un elemento que conserva las propiedades químicas del elemento |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that are completely dissolved. Mezcla homogénea de dos o más sustancias que están completamente disueltas. |
| Pure Substance | A single substance made up of one type of particle, either an element or a compound.Una sola sustancia formada por un tipo de partícula, ya sea un elemento o un compuesto |
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