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Pharama Mid-Term
Pharmacology Mid-Term Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1mL = _ cc | 1cc |
| 1oz = _mL | 30mL |
| gr 15 = _g | 1g |
| gr 1 = _mg | 60mg |
| 1kg = _lb | 2.2lbs |
| 1min = _gtt | 1gtt |
| 1T = _mL | 15mL |
| 1t = _mL | 5mL |
| 15min = _mL | 1mL |
| 1qt = _pt | 2pt |
| 1pt = _fluid oz | 16 fluid oz |
| 1kg = _g | 1000g |
| 1g = _mg | 1000mg |
| 1mg = _mcg | 1000mcg |
| 1/2 oz = _mL | 15mL |
| gr 3/4 = _mg | 45mg |
| gr 1/2 = _mg | 30mg |
| gr 1/3 = _mg | 20mg |
| gr 1/150 = _mg | 0.4mg |
| gr 1/200 = _mg | 0.3mg |
| Name the 4 sources of drugs | Plants, Animals, Minerals, Synthetics |
| Define the purpose Phase I of New Drug Development | Determines the macokenetics, toxicity, and safe dose in humans. All effects on humans are recorded to determine if further testing is needed. |
| Define the purpose Phase II of New Drug Development | To find the therapeutic drug level and watch for toxic and side effects. Small amounts of individuals are used. |
| Define the purpose Phase III of New Drug Development | To refine the usual therapeutic dose and to collect relevant data on side effects. Large amounts of individuals are used. If FDA approves, company will fill out a New Drug Application (NDA). |
| Define the purpose Phase IV of New Drug Development | A voluntary testing phase. However, company is required to track the drug's performance. |
| What is the role of the Medical Director? | A licensed physicianl who assumes medical oversight. The one whom all prehospital care providers will under their license as a delegate for their practice. |
| What is the role of the Medical Control? | Classified as online medical direction (via radio or telephone) or offline medical direction (standing orders) |
| What is a Schedule I drug? | No medicinal purpose. High Abuse Potential. Research Use Only. Includes Heroin, LSD, Mescaline, and Methaqualone. |
| What is a Schedule II drug? | Written prescription required. No telephone renewals, only in an emergency can it be renewed by phone. Includes Codiene, Morphine, Meperidine, Amphtamines, Phenmetrazine, and Secobarbital. |
| What is a Schedule III drug? | Prescription required. Must be rewritten every 6 months or 5 refill limit. Prescriptions allowed via telephone. Includes Codiene )less than 1.8g/dL, Opium 25mg/5mL, Benzphetamine, Mazindol, Butabarbital, Glutethimide,Talbutal. |
| What is a Schedule IV drug? | Prescription required. Must be rewritten every 6 months or 5 refill limit. Includes Pentazocine, Propoxyphene, Fenfluramine, Phentermine, Chloral hydrate. |
| What is a Schedule V drug? | Small amounts of opiates, antidiarrheals, diphenoxylate. Can be given with or without prescription. (Non Narcotic) |
| Define the Chemical Name | Precisely describes the drugs atomic and molecular structure. EX: Ethyl 1-methyl-4-phenylionipecotate hydrochloride |
| Define the Generic Name | Usually an abbreviated form of the chemical name. Never capitalized |
| Define the Trade Name | Always capitalized, Based on its chemical name or the type of problem it is used to treat. |
| Define Official Name | Always followed by the initials "USP" or "NF." Usually the same as the generic name but adheres to standards set forth by the publication. |
| Name the different drug forms | liquids, solids, suppositories, inhalants, sprays, creams, lotions, patches, and lozenges. |
| Name the four mechanisms of action of drugs | They will either bind to a receptor site, change the physical properties of cells, chemically combine with other chemicals, or alter a normal metabolic pathway |
| Explain the difference between drug potency and drug efficacy | Drug potency refers to how much of a drug is needed to produce a desired response. Drug efficacy is the power of the drug to produce a therapeutic effect. |
| Define the Therapeutic Index | A gauge used to find the therapeutic dose. The lowest concentration of a drug needed to cause the desired response is called the therapeutic threshold. The maximum concentration is called the toxic level. The therapeutic index lies within these to points. |
| What factors play into the altering of drug response? | Age, body mass, gender, environmental milieu, time of administration, pathological state (disease), genetic factors, and psychological factors. |
| Special considerations for pediatric patients | Drug doses must be reduced accordingly. The weight must be determined before drug can be given. The Broselow tape may also be used in determining the calculation of the drug. |
| Special considerations for geriatric patients | slower metabolism and excretion. May suffer from multiple diseases. Potency of the drugs becomes higher in the elderly and must be reduced when administered. |
| Name the six rights of medication administration | Right Patient, Medication, Dose, Route, Time, and Documentation. |
| Name the enteral tract routes of administration | Oral (PO), Orogastric/nasogastric (OG/NG), Sublingual (SL), Buccal, and Rectal (PR) |
| Name the parenteral routes of administration | Topical, Intradermal, Intranasal, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular, Intravenous, Endotracheal, Sublingual Injection, Intracardic, Intraosseous, Inhalation, Umbilical, and Vaginal |
| Intradermal (ID) - Needle Gauge, Needle Length, Angle of Insertion | Gauge: 25-28, Length: 3/8 - 1 inch, Insertion: 10º-15º |
| Subcutaneous (SC) - Needle Gauge, Needle Length, Angle of Insertion | Gauge: 23-26, Length: 3/8 - 1 inch, Insertion: 45º-90º |
| Intramuscular (IM) - Needle Gauge, Needle Length, Angle of Insertion | Gauge: 19-22, Length: 1-1/2 inch, Insertion: 90º |
| Intradermal (ID)- Max Volume and Usual Max | Max: 0.5cc, Usual 0.5cc |
| Subcutaneous (SC) - Max Volume and Usual Max | Max: 1cc, Usual 1cc |
| Deltoid Injecion - Max Volume and Usual Max | Max: 2cc, Usual 1cc |
| Ventrogluteal Injection - Max Volume and Usual Max | Max: 5cc, Usual 3cc |
| Dorsogluteal Injection - Max Volume and Usual Max | Max: 5cc, Usual 3cc |
| Vastus Lateralis - Max Volume and Usual Max | Max: 5cc, Usual 3cc |
| Rectus Femorus - Max Volume and Usual Max | Max:5cc, Usual 3cc |
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