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Nature of Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atomic Mass | The total mass of an atom of an element. It is listed on the periodic table of elements. Measured in atomic mass units (amu). |
| Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element. It determines the placement of the element in the periodic table of elements and the elements chemical properties. |
| Atom | The smallest units of an element that retain the chemical properties of that element. |
| Chemical Change | The result of a chemical reaction. |
| Chemical Reaction | A process when the atoms and molecules of one or more substances rearrange to form new substances. This is completed by breaking and reforming chemical bonds. |
| Compound | Two or more elements chemically bonded together. |
| Element | A simple substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions. |
| Energy Level | Also known as electron shells, are fixed distances surrounding the nucleus where the electrons can be found. Each level can hold a maximum number of electrons. |
| Endothermic Reaction | A chemical reaction that absorbs heat causing the temperature to fall. |
| Exothermic Reaction | A chemical reaction that releases heat causing the temperature to rise. |
| Family/ Group | A column of elements that share similar chemical or physical properties. These elements have the same number of valence electrons. |
| Heterogeneous | A substance that has a non-uniform composition and its different components are visible. |
| Homogeneous | A physical blend of two or more substances that are evenly distributed and cannot be easily separated. |
| Ion | An atom or molecule with a net positive or negative charge. |
| Isotope | Members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
| Malleability | A physical property of a solid that allows it to be bent or hammered into a different shape without breaking. |
| Conductivity | A physical property that measures an element or substances ability to allow electricity to pass through it. |
| Combustibility | A measure of how easily a substance bursts into flame through fire or combustion. |
| Density | A measure of how tightly matter is packed together. It is found by calculating mass divided by volume. |
| Electron | The negatively charged subatomic particles found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of the atom. |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object. It does not changed based on location. |
| Matter | Anything that takes up space and has mass. |
| Metal | A metal is a material that, when polished or fractured, shows a lustrous appearance, and conducts electricity and heat relatively well. |
| Metalloid | Elements whose physical and chemical properties fall in between the metal and non-metal categories |
| Mixture | When two or more substances are combined so that each substance retains its own chemical identity. |
| Molecule | A molecule is two or more atoms connected by chemical bonds, which form the smallest unit of a substance that retains the composition and properties of that substance. |
| Neutron | The neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of the atom. |
| Noble Gas | A gaseous element that does not easily create chemical combinations with other elements. |
| Nonmetal | Elements which easily form negative ions by accepting electrons and do not conduct heat and electricity. |
| Nucleus | The positively charged central core of an atom that contains the protons and neutons and nearly all of the atoms mass. |
| Period | A horizontal row of elements on the periodic table. All elements in the same row have the same number of energy levels surrounding the nucleus. |
| Physical Change | A change to a state of matter or energy. Occurs when substances are mixed but do not chemically react. |
| Physical Property | A characterisic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the sunstances's identity or chemical composition. |
| Chemical Property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed when it undergoes a chemical change. |
| Precipitate | A solid that forms from a liquid solution, often as a result of a chemical reaction. |
| Product | A new substance formed when two or more substances react with each other in a chemical reaction. |
| Proton | The positive subatomic particle in the nucleus of the atom. |
| Pure Substance | A single substance made up of one type of particle, either an element or a compound. |
| Reactant | A substance that is present at the beginning of a chemical reaction. |
| Reactivity | A substances ability to interact chemically with a second substance. |
| Saturated | A condition where one substance cannot hold any more of another substance when mixed together. |
| Solute | A substance that is mixed into another substance. |
| Solvent | A substance that can dissolve other substances. |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances that are dissolved completely. |
| Sublimation | A physical change in state of matter from solid to gas without turning into a liquid first. |
| Temperature | A measure of the average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules in a substance. |
| Thermal Energy | The kinetic energy of a substance's atoms and molecules when they are moving randomly resulting in the substances temperature. |
| Valence Electrons | The electrons located in the outer most energy level of an atom. |
| Vaporize | A physical change in state of matter from liquid to gas. |
| Flammability | A measure of how quickly a specific material is capable of catching fire and burning. |
| Condense | A physical change in state of matter from gas to liquid. |
| Dissolve | The process of physically mixing a solute into a solvent to form a solution. |
| Kinetic Energy | The amount of energy of a substance due to motion. |
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