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Chapter 10 & 11
Muscular system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tendon | Attaches muscle to bone skin or another muscle |
| Move the body | Moves, bone, make focal expressions, speak, breathe, swallow |
| Produce heat | Help maintain body temperature |
| Maintain of posture | Stabilize joints, Maintain body position |
| Regulate elimination of materials | Circular sphincters control passage of material at orifices |
| Elasticity | Ability to return to original length following a lengthening or shortening |
| Extensibility | Ability to be stretched |
| Contractility | Exhibited when filament slide past each other |
| Conductivity | Involves sending an electrical change don the length of the cell membrane |
| Excitability | Ability to respond to a stimulus by changing electrical membrane potential |
| Fascicle | Muscle fibers bundled within |
| Muscle fibers | A muscle fiber is a muscle cell A fascicle consists of many fibers |
| Aponeurosis | Thin flattened sheet of dense irregular tissue |
| Tendon | Cordlike structure of dense regular connective tissue |
| Vascularized | Skeletal has extensive blood vessels |
| Motor unit | A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it controls |
| Muscle tone | Generated by involuntary nervous stimulation of muscle Resting tension in a muscle |
| Muscle tone | Decreases during sleep |
| Hypertrophy | Muscles increases in size due to increases synthesis of contractile proteins |
| Hyperplasia | Increase in number of fibers |
| Atrophy | Decrease in size due to lack of use |
| Cardiac muscle fibers | Short, branching fibers Striated (contain sarcomeres) |
| Smooth muscle cells | Wide in the middle with tapered ends Smaller than skeletal muscle fibers |
| Orbicularis oculi | Circular muscle fibers surround orbit Closes eye |
| Orbicularis oris | Closes mouth Puckers lip |
| Chewing | Muscles of mastication |
| Expiration | Exhalation Respiratory muscles contract and others relax Decreasing the size of the thoracic amity and forcing air out of lungs |
| Diaphragm | Internally placed dome-shaped muscle that partitions thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| Most important muscle associated with breathing | Diaphragm |
| External oblique | Located superficially fibers directed infermoedially |
| Internal oblique | Located deep to external oblique, fibers project superomedially |
| Transversus abominis | Deepest abdominal muscle, fiver project transversely |
| Recuts abdominis | Partitioned into four segment by fibrous tendinous intersections |
| Six pack | Recuts abdominis |
| Hernias | Portion of viscera protrudes through weak point of abdominal wall |
| Pectoralis minor | Deep to pectoralis major Help depress and protract scapula, hunches shoulders |
| Swimmers muscle | Latissimus dorsi |
| Latissimus dorsi. | Broad triangular muscle on back Agonist of arm flex ion also abducts and medically rotates arm |
| Pectoralis major | Thick fan shaped muscle on superior anterior thorax Agonist of arm flex ion also abducts and medically rotates arm |
| Lateral epicondylitis | Known as tennis elbow From trauma or overuse of common extensor tendon of posterior over muscles Pain at lateral epicondyle of humerus tendons attachment site |
| Gluteus Maximus | Agonist of thigh extension also. Aterally rotates the thigh |
| One of the largest in the body | Gluteus Maximus |
| Hamstrings | Extend the thigh (also flex the knee) Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus |
| Sartorius | Flexes and laterally rotates thigh Also flexes and medically rotates eg |
| Longest muscle in the body | Sartorius |
| Crural muscles | Muscles located in leg that move ankle foot, toes |
| Gastrocnemius | Has two bellies; form calf Flexes the leg and plantar flexes the foot |
| Soleus | Broad muscle deep to gastrocnemius Plantar flexes the foot |
| Muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | Muscles |
| Fasci/o | Fascia |
| Ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | Tendons |
| Fascia | A band of connective tissue that envelops, senates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscles |
| Smooth muscles | Located in the walls of internal organs, such as digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading to glands. |
| Myocardial muscle | Forms muscular walls of the heart |
| Abduction | Movement of a limb away from the midline of the boy |
| Adduction | Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body |
| Flexion | Decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint |
| Depression | Lowering a body part |
| Elevation | Raising or lifting of a body part |
| Bradykinesia | Extreme slowness in movement |
| Brady | Slow |
| Kines | Movement |
| Ia | Condition |
| Dyskinesia | Impairment of voluntary movement |
| Hyperkinesia | Abnormal increased muscle function |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Chronic autoimmune disease Causeing weakness of voluntary muscles |
| Muscular Dystrophy | Group of 30 genetic diseases Progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles |
| Impingement syndrome | Inflammation and swelling of tendons in space between bones withi the shoulder joint |
| Ganglion cyst | Harmless fluid filled swelling occurring commonly on the outer surface of. Face |
| Epicondylitis | Inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow |
| Heel spur | Calcium deposit in plantar fascia near the attachment to calcaneus |
| Plantar fasciitis | Inflammation of plantar fascia on sole of foot |
| Sprain | Injury to a joint usually due to wrenching or tearing of a ligament |
| Shin splint | Injury when a muscle tears away from the tibia |
| Myoparesis | Weakness or sligh muscular paralysis |
| Paresis | Partial or incomplete paralysis |
| Hemiplegia | Total paralysis affecting one side of the body |
| Hemiparesis | Weakness or slight paralysis of affecting the side of the body |
| Types of paralysis | Paraplegia, quadriplegia |
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Arithebody14!
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