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Myelography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Purpose | - Study of spinal cord and nerve roots - Shape and contour of the spinal cord is assessed to detect pathologies (usually in the cervical or lumbar spine) |
| Central Nervous System divisions? | - Brain - Spinal cord |
| Spinal cord length? | Extends from medulla oblongata to conus medullaris (L1-L2) |
| Number of spinal nerves | 31 pairs |
| Conus Medullaris (definition) | Distal tapered end of the spinal cord at the lower level of L1 |
| Subarachnoid Space (definition) | Contains cerebrospinal fluid and surrounds the spinal cord and brain (it extends down to second sacral segment) |
| Cauda Equina | Spinal nerves that extend inferiorly from termination of the spinal cord (L1-L2) |
| Common lumbar puncture site | Between L3-L4 |
| What are the meninges? | 3 protective layers that enclose the brain and spinal cord |
| Names of the meninge layers (outer to inner) | - Dura Mater (has inner and outer layer) - Arachnoid Mater - Pia Mater |
| Epidural Space Location | Space between Dura Mater and Vertebral Column |
| Subdural Space Location | Potential space between Arachnoid Mater and Dura Mater |
| Subarachnoid Space Location | - Space between the arachnoid Mater and the Pia Mater - This space contains the cerebrospinal fluid |
| Clinical Indications | - Lesions - Pain and numbness in upper and lower extremities - Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP or "Slipped Disc") - Possible bone fragments (Trauma) |
| Contraindications? | - Blood in cerebrospinal fluid - Arachnoiditis - Increased cranial pressure - Recent lumbar puncture (within 2 weeks) |
| Usual Contrast Dosage? | 9-15 mL |
| Patient Position? | Hyper extend chin with patient prone to prevent contrast from flowing into cranial region (which would cause severe headaches) |
| Common Needle Injection Sites? | - L3-L4 - C1-C2 |