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ASD
Autism Spectrum Disorder
| Question | |
|---|---|
| ASD/Criteria A: Deficits in social communication and interaction persist across multiple areas, exhibited by all 3: | *Abnormal social approach, lack of normal conversation flow, failure to initiate/respond to social interactions. *Difficulties in nonverbal communication for social interaction *Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships |
| ASD/Criteria B: Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least 2 of the following: | *Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements (objects or speech) *insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal/nonverbal behavior *highly restricted/fixated abnormal interest *hyper/hypo sensory reactivity |
| ASD/Criteria C, D, E: | *Present in early development period *Cause clinically significant impairment in functioning *Not better explained by intellectual disorder or global functioning delay, etc. |
| ASD Specifiers | Severity of Support w/ or w/o accompanying intellectual impairment w/ known genetic or other medical condition or environmental factor w/ neurodevelopmental, mental or behavioral problem w/ catatonia |
| ASD Development and Course | 0-12 mo- present as lack of interest in caregivers 12-36 mo- normal developmental milestones initially, lack of ability to develop new skills or a loss of skills *Language delays, diminished interest in social interactions, "odd" and repetitive play |
| Etiology (Genetic) | Heritability 37 to >90% Specific genetic mutations, but not everyone has |
| Risk Factors (Environmental) | Advanced age of parent gestational diabetes umbilical cord complications/birth trauma LBW, extreme prematurity exposure to drugs/toxins Folate deficiency and excess Immunologic incompatibility? |
| Biomarkers | Serotonin Brain Size - increase in total brain volume, larger amygdala earlier and decreases over time, enlarge striatum and correlation between striatal size & frequency of repetitive behaviors, megalocephaly - poorer prognosis |
| Assessment | Developmental milestones Assessed at well child visits 18 mo/24 mo Increased risk - assess more often Comorbidities - detection more difficult |
| Screening tools | Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Screening Tool for Autism in Toddlers & Young Children (STAT) Survey of Wellbeing of Young Children |
| Red Flags | 12 mo - no respond to name 14 mo - no point or show interest in objects 18 mo - no engage in pretend play avoids eye contact, alone play, difficulty with feelings, delayed speech, echolalia, intolerable to change, obsessive, repetitive, sensory |
| Diagnosis of ASD | Identified for at-risk referred for further testing early intervention - school services evaluation |
| Treatment for ASD | Behavioral Developmental Social Relational Complementary and Alternative |
| Behavioral Treatment | Applied Behavioral Analysis - develop social and other skills, reduce maladaptive behaviors, early intensive behavioral intervention, discrete trial training, pivotal response training/teaching |
| Developmental Treatment | Occupational therapy Physical therapy Speech and Language therapy Sensory Integration therapy |
| Social-Relational Treatment | Developmental, Individual Differences, Relationship Based (D.I.R. Floor Time) Social Stories Social Skills Group |
| Complementary and Alternative Treatments | Supplements - Melatonin, Omega-3, Probiotics Dietary Restrictions - Gluten free, Casein free Massage Biofeedback - Neurofeedback |
Created by:
akimball80
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