Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Summer Psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _____ encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of a particular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation | Culture |
| _____ is a government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens. | Social policy |
| Changes in motor skills, nutrition, end exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, and cardiovascular decline are all examples of _____ processes that affect development. | biological |
| _____ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, and language. | Cognitive |
| _____ processes involve changes in the individual's relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality. | Socioemotional |
| Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that | begins at conception and continues through the human life span. |
| The _____ period is the time from conception to birth. | prenatal |
| _____ is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and for many, selecting a mate, learning to live with that person in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children. | Early adulthood |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of the developmental period known as early childhood? | development of school readiness skills |
| Determining _____ age involves knowing the functional capacities of a person's vital organs. | biological |
| _____ age is an individual's adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age. | Psychological |
| In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _____, nurture to its _____. | biological inheritance; environmental experiences |
| _____ theories describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion. | Psychoanalytic |
| Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of _____ stages that last from the first year of life to _____. | eight; late adulthood |
| Piaget's four stages of cognitive development | start at birth and continue through adulthood. |
| Vygotsky's theory emphasizes how _____ guide(s) cognitive development. | culture and social interaction |
| B. F. Skinner, a behaviorist, would argue that the most important things that shape development are | rewards and punishments. |
| Bandura's most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: behavior, the environment, and | the person/cognition. |
| The _____ involves the culture in which individuals live. | macrosystem |
| In the twentieth century, life expectancy in the United States increased by | 32 years |
| In an experimental study, the _____ group serves as a baseline against which the effects of the manipulated condition can be compared. | control |
| The maximum life span of humans | has not changed since the beginning of recorded history. |
| Based on Paul Baltes' view of life-span development, which of the following statements is true? | Development is multidimensional. |
| _____ means the capacity for change. | Plasticity |
| Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span. This indicates how development is | multidisciplinary. |
| _____, the units of hereditary information, are short segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They help cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble proteins. | Genes |
| The nucleus of each human cell contains _____, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). | chromosomes |
| _____ are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's processes. | Proteins |
| Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that occurs to form | eggs and sperm. |
| _____ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell. | Fertilization |
| During the process of _____, a cell's nucleus—including the chromosomes—duplicates itself and the cell divides, resulting in the formation of two cells. | mitosis |
| Except for the sperm and the egg, all cells in the human body have _____ chromosomes. | 46 |
| During _____, a cell of the testes in men or ovaries in women duplicates its chromosomes and then divides twice, thus forming four cells, each of which has only half the genetic material of the parent cell. | meiosis |
| _____ introduced the theory of evolution by natural selection in 1859. | Charles Darwin |
| During fertilization, an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell called a | zygote. |
| _____ develop from a single zygote that splits into two genetically matching replicas, each of which becomes a person. | Identical twins |
| Jerome and Tyrone are fraternal twins. This means that they developed from | two eggs that were fertilized by two different sperms. |
| _____ is the way an individual's genotype is expressed in observed and measurable characteristics. | A phenotype |
| For each genotype, a range of _____ can be expressed, thus providing a source of variability. | phenotypes |
| In some cases of genotypic expression, one gene of a pair always exerts its effects, overriding the potential influence of the other gene. This is the _____ principle. | dominant-recessive genes |
| A(n) _____ gene overrides the potential influence of a recessive gene. | dominant |
| A recessive gene exerts its influence only if both genes of a pair are | recessive. |
| Lindsay's body does not produce enough insulin, causing abnormal metabolism of sugar. She is receiving insulin treatments. Lindsay has | diabetes. |
| _____ uses a powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body's organs and structures. | MRI |
| Which of the following is the vascular organ that links the fetus to the mother's uterus? | the placenta |
| Paul Baltes says that natural selection among humans operates mainly during the _____ of life. | first half |
| In the context of evolutionary psychology, Albert Bandura (1998) acknowledged that | evolutionary pressures created changes in biological structures. |
| According to Paul Baltes, as the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age, the need for _____ increases. | culture |
| A fertilized human egg cannot grow into a crocodile, duck, or fish, specifically because of | the genetic code it carries. |
| _____ is a complex molecule with a double helix shape, like a spiral staircase, and contains genetic information. | DNA |
| Angela is 30 weeks pregnant. Since her due date is close, she is looking for a caregiver who will provide her with continuous physical, emotional, and educational support before, during, and after childbirth. What refers to this kind of caregiver? | doula |
| Gisela is having her first baby and has received a drug that will numb the entire lower area of her body during labor. Gisela has been given | an epidural block. |
| The _____ position is the baby's position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina. | breech |
| Which of the following techniques is used to overcome the threat of problems related to the breech position during delivery? | cesarean section |
| Brenda's baby was born just minutes ago, and the doctor is checking the baby's heart rate, respiratory effort, body color, reflex irritability, and muscle tone. Brenda's baby is being tested with the | Apgar Scale. |
| A pediatrician is testing baby Rosaria. The doctor assesses Rosaria's neurological development, reflexes, and reactions to people and objects. Rosaria's pediatrician is using the | Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. |
| Malorie was born during her mother's 32nd week of pregnancy. Malorie would be termed a(n) _____ baby. | preterm |
| Two increasingly used interventions in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are _____ and _____. | massage therapy; kangaroo care |
| Mariah has given birth to a baby girl. One month after delivery, she is still experiencing very strong feelings of sadness and anxiety. She is so morose that she is having trouble coping with daily tasks. Mariah is most likely suffering from | postpartum depression. |
| _____ occurs when a single sperm cell from the male unites with an ovum (egg) in the female's fallopian tube, in a process called fertilization. | Conception |
| Salma is trying to get pregnant and is visiting her doctor to understand more about pregnancy and childbirth. She asks her doctor about the duration of typical prenatal development. Which of the following would be her doctor's response? | 38 to 40 weeks |
| The process in which cells begin to specialize in order to perform various tasks is called | cell differentiation. |
| Which of the following is the correct sequence of the periods of prenatal development? | germinal; embryonic; fetal |
| _____ refers to the attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall. | Implantation |
| The _____ consists of an inner mass of cells that eventually develops into an embryo. | blastocyst |
| Cell differentiation intensifies and organs appear in the _____ period of prenatal development. | embryonic |
| The inner layer of cells of the embryo is referred to as the | endoderm. |
| The structure that contains two arteries and one vein, and connects the developing embryo to the mother's body, is called the | umbilical cord. |
| The _____ is like a bag or envelope and contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats. | amnion |
| The _____ provides an environment that is temperature and humidity controlled as well as shockproof. | amniotic fluid |
| During pregnancy, which of the following organs or systems is the first to develop? | the spinal cord |
| A teratogen is any agent that can cause | birth defects. |
| Newborns born to mothers who used marijuana during pregnancy were more likely to | be born preterm or low birth weight. |
| Infants born to women using synthetic opioids such as fentanyl and opiate-related pain relievers during pregnancy are | at increased risk for experiencing opioid withdrawal. |
| Identify the age group of women who are LEAST likely to obtain prenatal care. | adolescence |
| Identify a disadvantage of breast feeding in the context of impoverished African countries. | There is risk of passing HIV to babies through breast milk if the mothers have the virus. |
| The cephalocaudal pattern is the sequence in which the earliest growth always occurs at the | top—the head—with physical growth and differentiation of features gradually working their way down from top to bottom. |
| The _____ pattern of growth is the developmental sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward the extremities. | proximodistal |
| Which of the following is true of MEG (magnetoencephalography)? | It is used in assessing an infant's brain activity. |
| The _____ includes the cerebral cortex and several structures beneath it. | forebrain |
| In the context of the fibers that extend from a neuron's cell body, the fiber that carries signals toward the neuron's cell body is called a(n) | dendrite. |
| Which of the following is involved in providing energy to neurons and aids communication? | myelination |
| _____ are tiny gaps, or junctions, between neurons' fibers. | Synapses |
| When babies engage in physical activity or use language, some synaptic connections will be strengthened, while the unused ones will be replaced by other pathways or disappear. A neuroscientist would identify this process as | pruning. |
| Amira is concerned about putting her baby on his stomach to sleep because of the risk that he might stop breathing, usually during the night, and die suddenly without an apparent cause. In other words, she is concerned about | sudden infant death syndrome. |
| According to dynamic systems theory, | infants assemble motor skills for perceiving and acting. |
| _____ are built-in reactions to stimuli; they govern the automatic movements that are beyond the newborn's control. | Reflexes |
| When Martha wants to feed her newborn son, she gently brushes her nipple against his cheek and, in the _____ reflex, he turns his head toward the side that was touched and immediately latches onto her breast. | rooting |
| Which of the following reflexes is most likely to be activated when something touches an infant's palms? | the grasping reflex |
| _____ is a dynamic process that is linked with sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles, which tell us where we are in space; in vestibular organs in the inner ear that regulate balance and equilibrium; and in vision and hearing. | Posture |
| Melanie, a 4-year-old child, ties her shoelaces on her own and skillfully uses a fork and a spoon. In the context of motor development, which of the following are most likely involved in this scenario? | fine motor skills |
| Carson, a 6-month-old infant, grabs a toy by gripping with his whole hand. In the context of fine motor skills, which of the following does Carson exhibit in this scenario? | the palmar grasp |
| Jake, age 11 months, is able to pick up cereal and bits of fruit off the tray of his high chair by grasping them with his thumb and forefinger. Jake has developed the | pincer grip. |
| _____ occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors—the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin. | Sensation |
| The interpretation of sensory information is called | perception. |
| Robert Fantz believed that we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us and that perception is designed for action. He most likely held a(n) _____ perspective with regard to sensory and perceptual development. | ecological |
| The technique of _____ consists of measuring eye movements that follow a moving object and can be used to evaluate an infant's early visual ability. | eye tracking |
| _____ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities. | Intermodal |
| The "visual cliff" experiment was used to measure | depth perception. |
| ____ is the recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object. | Size constancy |
| 11month-old Jenny looks at her toy golf club, grasps it tightly, and visually inspects it. She uses it to bring another toy within reach. In the context of Piaget's theory of infant development, Jenny is in the _____ substage of the sensorimotor stage. | coordination of secondary circular reactions |
| Which of the following substages of sensorimotor development is characterized by coordination of sensation and action through reflexive behaviors? | simple reflexes |
| The sensorimotor stage of development lasts from birth to about | 2 years of age. |
| Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her, and she searches for it. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of | object permanence. |
| Trent was pouring sand from a short and wide cup to a tall and narrow cup. Then it appeared as if the new one had more. He didnt know where the extra came from. As he tried to, he went from states of cognitive ___and___ to produce cognitive change | equilibrium; disequilibrium |
| Jean Piaget believed that children | actively construct their own cognitive worlds. |
| Rebecca says, "Milk spill," to which her grandfather replies, "Yes, the milk spilled on the floor." This is an example of | expanding. |
| As they walk in the park together, Damon's dad points out various objects to him—flowers, birds, butterflies, slides, swings, vehicles, and so on—and helps Damon name each of them. Damon's dad is using _____ to help his son learn language. | labeling |
| While playing with his toy truck on the couch, Nezzy points to the toy truck and says, "Truck go." His father responds to this by saying, "Oh! Did you see the truck going?" This scenario illustrates the caregiver strategy of | recasting. |
| Mariah has suffered damage to the left frontal lobe of her brain. When she tries to speak, she struggles to produce words and is unable to say them correctly. Mariah has sustained injury to | Broca's area. |
| As an infant, Mary suffered damage to _____ in her brain. This injury severely affected her comprehension abilities; even though her speech is fluent, it remains incomprehensible. | Wernicke's area |
| Kyoko is 13 months old and can understand about 50 words but can say only about 10. This demonstrates how Kyoko's _____ vocabulary is more developed than her _____ vocabulary. | receptive; spoken |
| In the word "falling," both "fall" and "-ing" are considered | morphemes. |
| A _____ is the basic unit of sound in a language. | phoneme |
| In the context of the five systems of rules involved in language, which of the following is the system that involves the way words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences? | syntax |
| The form of communication that is based on a system of symbols is called | language. |
| _____ are cognitive groupings of similar objects, events, people, or ideas. | Concepts |
| From about 6 to 12 months of age, the maturation of the _____ and the surrounding cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, makes explicit memory possible. | hippocampus |
| June knows the names of all the states that comprise the United States. The names of the states are part of June's _____ memory. | explicit |
| Which of the following terms refers to the process in which information is transferred to memory? | encoding |
| ____ involves the retention of information over time. | Memory |
| Which of the following is a Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched? | object permanence |
| According to Piaget, a _____ is an internal sensory image or word that represents an event. | symbol |
| Which of the following substages of Jean Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development marks the starting point for human curiosity and interest in novelty? | the fifth substage |
| ____ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account. | Accommodation |
| Feelings or affects that occur when a person is in a state or an interaction that is important to him or her, especially to his or her well-being, are known as | emotions. |
| Which of the following is an important role played by emotions during infancy? | communication |
| Mario brings his mother his favorite teddy bear to comfort her when she has had a bad day at work. This demonstrates a(n) _____ emotion. | self-conscious |
| Which of the following terms refers to the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants? | synchronous |
| When 1-month-old Mai is sleeping, it often looks like she is smiling. This is an example of a _____ smile. | reflexive |
| Researchers have found that infant _____ is linked to guilt, empathy, and low aggression at 6 to 7 years of age. | fear |
| The most frequent expression of an infant's fear involves | stranger anxiety. |
| ____ involves individual differences in behavioral styles, emotions, and characteristic ways of responding. | Temperament |
| _____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with. | Goodness of fit |
| Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction. These researchers are studying the concept of | sense of self. |
| Erik Erikson describes the second stage of personality development as the stage of _____ versus shame and doubt. | autonomy |
| Tara holds her 2-month-old daughter Sonia close to her, makes eye contact, and smiles and sings softly to her. Tara is engaging in | face-to-face play. |
| Which of the following helps the infant understand that other people have intentions? | joint attention |
| Which term refers to "reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation? | social referencing |
| In the Strange Situation, Jermaine used his mother as a "safe base" as he actively explored the playroom. Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Jermaine as being | securely attached. |
| Austin is in the Strange Situation and shows strong patterns of avoidance and resistance. He also displays extreme fearfulness around the caregiver. He would be classified as being | disorganized. |
| In the Strange Situation Cam didnt explore/he clung to his mom when she was there,/was very upset when she left/When she returned he was ambivalent-wanted to be comforted but pushed her away when she tried. Mary Ainsworth would classify Cam as being | insecure resistant. |
| The _____ model involves connections across domains over time that influence developmental pathways and outcomes. | developmental cascade |
| ____, a mammalian hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, is released during breast feeding and by contact and warmth. | Oxytocin |
| The _____ is a collection of neurons in the forebrain that are involved in pleasure. | nucleus accumbens |
| When people become parents through pregnancy, adoption, or step-parenting, they face _____ and must adapt. | disequilibrium |
| Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization? | bidirectional |
| When a mother plays peek-a-boo with her baby, she moves from covering the baby and saying "peek-a-boo" to covering her own eyes and saying it. This illustrates | scaffolding. |
| Ryan is father to an 11-month-old baby boy. He loves spending time with his son when he is home from work. Which of the following activities is he most likely to engage in with his son? | rough-and-tumble play |
| ____ has been the most consistent predictor of a secure attachment. | Parental sensitivity |
| The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n) | educational program for young children. |
| During early childhood, girls are _____ than boys. | slightly smaller |
| By the end of early childhood, girls have more _____ tissue than boys. | fatty |
| A review of the height and weight of children around the world concluded that there are | ethnic differences among them. |
| Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true? | By age 6, the brain has reached about 95 percent of its adult size. |
| ____ is the process by which the nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells. | Myelination |
| Researchers have found that in children from 3 to 6 years of age the most rapid growth takes place in the _____ lobe areas of the brain. | frontal |
| When 4-year-olds and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their | gross motor skills. |
| Short sleep duration in children is linked with being | overweight. |
| Which of the following determines the categories of obesity, overweight, and at risk of being overweight? | body mass index |
| Research reported by Meeks, Heit, and Page in 2020 shows that a child's life should center around ____ | activities |
| According to Petry and others (2017), young children from _____ families are the most likely to develop iron deficiency anemia. | low-income |
| The leading cause of death in young children in 2015 in the United States was | accidents. |
| According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2017), which of the following was the most common cause of accidental death in young children in 2015 in the United States? | drowning |
| 6yo Pat loves to draw pics and describe them. Her ideas are more balanced now than when she was younger. Shes started to analyze and understand things But she is egocentric and holds "magical beliefs." Shes in Piaget's ____ stage of development | preoperational |
| The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as | egocentrism. |
| Piaget called the second substage of the preoperational stageintuitive because children know something but know it without the use of | rational thinking. |
| Diego is 3. His mom pours him and his sister juice. She pours his sister the juice in a taller glass. Both glasses have the same amount of juice Diego starts to cry- he thinks his sister has more. In the context of cognitive dev in early CH this shows | centration. |
| When adults are working with young kids they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, etc to help themsucceed. As the kid indicate they can do more-the adults begin to withdraw support. This shows the adults involvement in the childrens | zone of proximal development. |
| Which of the following refers to teachers' adjustment of their level of support and guidance to the level of the skills of their students? | scaffolding |
| Tools of the Mind is a program that is grounded in _____ theory of cognitive development. | Vygotsky's |
| In a Tools of the Mind classroom, _____ has a central role. | dramatic play |
| Theory of _____ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others. | mind |
| Children begin to understand three mental states from 18 months to 3 years of age. According to Pratt and Bryant (1990), a child realizes that looking leads to knowing what's inside a container by 3 years of age. This mental state is known as | perception. |
| ____ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities. | The Montessori approach |
| According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is | initiative versus guilt. |
| According to Erik Erikson, the great governor of initiative is | conscience. |
| ____ especially plays a key role in children's ability to manage the demands and conflicts they face in interacting with others. It is an important component of executive function. | Emotion regulation |
| According to Freud, the moral element of personality is called the | superego. |
| _____ refers to an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves an integration of all three components of moral development, namely moral thought, feeling, and behavior. | Conscience |
| Among the most important aspects of the relationship between parents and children that contribute to children's moral development are relational quality, parental discipline, proactive strategies, and | conversational dialogue. |
| ____ involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female. | Gender identity |
| Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are known as gender | roles. |
| Gender _____ refers to acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role. | typing |
| Low levels of _____ in the female embryo allow the normal development of female sex organs. | androgens |
| The two main classes of sex hormones, estrogens and androgens, are secreted by the | gonads. |
| ____ promote the development of female physical sex characteristics. | Estrogens |
| Which of the following is an androgen? | testosterone |
| Which of the following is among the three main social theories of gender? | psychoanalytic theory |
| The psychoanalytic theory of gender stems from Freud's view that a preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. Which of the following refers to this condition in girls? | the Electra complex |
| According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in a process called the | Oedipus complex. |
| A _____ is a cognitive structure, a network of associations that guides an individual's perceptions. | schema |
| Suzie 3 must eat all food at dinner. When she doesnt her dad punishes her. She also has strict schedules for playing, watching tv, and studying. Any disobedience leads to spanking/punishment. Her dad is most likely a(n) | authoritarian parent. |
| Logan is a warm and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his kids. Because Logan encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior in his children, Baumrind would classify him as a(n) | authoritative parent. |
| According to Baumrind, a parent who is uninvolved in a child's life, showing neither responsiveness nor control, is displaying a(n) _____ parenting style. | neglectful |
| In the context of Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles, which of the following is a characteristic of parents following an indulgent parenting style? | They let their children do what they want. |
| Punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, and shaking a child constitute | physical abuse. |
| Eight-year-old Sara's mom has repeatedly called her fat and worthless, which has caused Sara to become withdrawn at home and in school. These actions are best characterized as | emotional abuse. |
| Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment? | Stress, substance abuse, and various other factors may contribute to child maltreatment. |
| Cultural changes that occur when one culture comes into contact with another are referred to as | acculturation. |
| During the elementary school years, children grow an average of _____ inches a year. | 2 to 3 |
| Molly is writing an article for her school newspaper about frequent causes of death in children in middle childhood. Which of the following is/are the most common cause? | motor vehicle accidents |
| Being overweight is defined in relation to a person's | body mass index. |
| Which type of cancer is most prevalent in children? | leukemia |
| Sabine is in the second grade. Compared to the other kids in her class, she finds it very challenging to read or spell simple words. Which of the following learning disabilities does Sabine suffer from? | dyslexia |
| Sam is 8 and has difficulty solving number problems and hasnt been able to solve any of them. His teacher has tried to help but cant. His doctor diagnoses him with a learning disability called _____, or developmental arithmetic disorder. | dyscalculia |
| ____ is a disability in which children consistently show inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity over a period of time. Some children show a combination of these symptoms. | ADHD |
| _____ is a severe developmental disorder that has its onset in the first three years of life and includes deficiencies in social relationships, abnormalities in communication, and restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior. | Autistic disorder |
| A(n) _____ is a written statement that spells out a program that is specifically tailored for a student with a disability. | individualized education plan (IEP) |
| The _____ is a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in which children who do not have a disability are educated. | least restrictive environment (LRE) |
| 2 identical balls of clay- 1 long, thin shape; 1 original ball form. The child is asked if there is more clay in the ball or the long thin piece of clay. If answered correct but cant use abstract reasoning they are in which stage of Piagets cog dev theory | concrete operational |
| ____ refers to being alert, mentally present, and cognitively flexible while going through life's everyday activities and tasks. | Mindfulness |
| Emily has the ability to think about things in novel and unusual ways, and this allows her to come up with unique solutions to problems. This ability is called _____ thinking. | creative |
| ____ thinking characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence. | Convergent |
| _____ is a technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each other's ideas, and say almost anything that comes to mind that seems relevant to a particular issue. | Brainstorming |
| a teacher has 6 students discuss exercise. She encourages them to talk about the topics pros and cons and the issues and solutions. They give their views and collectively come to the idea that exercise is important in development. The technique was? | brainstorming |
| ___ involves knowing about knowing. | Metacognition |
| A person's mental age divided by chronological age (CA) and multiplied by 100 would indicate that person's | intelligence quotient. |
| Robert J. Sternberg's triarchic theory and Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence are examples of the idea that | intelligence consists of a number of specific abilities. |
| Howard Gardner suggests that there are _____ types of intelligence. | 8 |
| Children with superior talent for something are called | gifted. |
| A child with an IQ of _____ or higher is considered to be gifted. | 130 |
| The _____-language approach stresses that reading instruction should parallel a child's natural language learning. | whole |
| The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds. | phonics |
| By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately | 40,000 words. |
| Which of the following terms refers to domain-specific evaluations of the self? | self-concept |
| ____ refers to global evaluations of the self. | Self-esteem |
| ____ is also called self-worth or self-image. | Self-esteem |
| When Robert says, "I have brown eyes and black hair," it reflects Robert's | self-concept. |
| The belief that one can master a situation and produce favorable outcomes is called | self-efficacy. |
| The increased capacity for self-regulation that is seen in middle and late childhood is linked to developmental advances in the | brain's prefrontal cortex. |
| Darren is an active 12-year-old boy. When his friend Simon cheats in a game, Darren tends to get irritated. However, Darren controls his anger and tries explaining to Simon why cheating is bad. Which developmental aspect is he displaying in his actions? | self-regulation |
| Erik Erikson's fourth stage of development, which appears during middle and late childhood, is called | industry versus inferiority. |
| In 2020, the abrupt emergence of the worldwide spread of _____ took everyone by surprise and increased the stress and anxiety levels of many adults and children. | COVID-19 |
| Which of the following is an aspect of social-emotional learning that the Second Step program focuses on in pre-K? | executive function skills |
| Which of the following is an important distinction between psychiatrist and psychologist? | Unlike a psychiatrist, a psychologist cannot prescribe medication. |
| Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by | presenting children with a series of stories in which characters face moral dilemmas. |
| Megan bases her moral decisions on fear of punishment. In the context of Kohlberg's levels of moral thinking, Megan is currently in the _____ reasoning level of moral thinking. | preconventional |
| A person stole company docs says, "I stole them and will to go to jail for it b/c they prove that the company engaged in a coverup of the unsafe properties of its chemical. The public has a right to know." Kohlberg says this person is __reasoning | postconventional |
| Kohlberg emphasized perspective taking and _____ as critical aspects of the social stimulation that challenges children to change their moral reasoning. | peer interaction |
| Broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females, such as "boys play with trucks and girls play with dolls," are known as gender | stereotypes. |
| Tamara often tells her daughter that a well-adjusted girl is supposed to be dependent, nurturing, and uninterested in power. She also believes that girls should learn to cook and take care of the household. Tamara's notion reflects | gender stereotypes. |
| According to research, in which of the following areas do girls exhibit better skills than boys? | verbal skills |
| Males report experiencing and expressing more _____ than do females. | anger |
| An analysis of stepfamilies found that _____ percent of children in stepfamilies show adjustment problems. | 25 |
| According to developmentalists, which of the following is a peer status among children? | neglected children |
| Most of Blanca's classmates call her a "bully," and many say that they "don't like her at all." Only a few children consider her to be a friend. Which of the following is Blanca's probable peer status? | rejected |
| An aggressive boy's interpretation of an encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate illustrate _____ in behavior development. | social cognition |
| ____ is characterized by self-disclosure and the sharing of private thoughts. | Intimacy in friendships |
| Individuals with a(n) _____ mindset believe their qualities can change and improve through their own effort. | growth |
Created by:
Kivy
Popular Psychology sets