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CT MR Abdomen
CT/MR Abdomen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a thin serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity? | Peritoneum |
| What membrane lines the walls of the abdominal cavity? | parietal peritoneum |
| What membrane covers the abdominal organs? | visceral peritoneum |
| What is the name for abdominal structures that are behind the peritoneum? | retroperitoneal |
| What is the pathology name for when the abdominal cavity has an infection or inflammation? | peritonitis |
| What is a double layer of peritoneum that encloses the intestines and attaches to the abdominal wall called? | mesentery |
| Where is the primary area for storage of fat in the abdmone? | mesentery |
| Where can the arteries and veins that supply blood to the intestines be located? | the mesentery |
| What are the three openings in the diaphragm? | aortic, caval, & esophageal hiatus |
| What structures go through the aortic hiatus? | aorta & azygos vein |
| What structures go through the caval hiatus? | IVC & RT phrenic nerve |
| What structures go through the esophageal hiatus? | esophagus & vagus nerve |
| What structure attaches the diaphragm to the lumbar spine? | crura |
| What is the largest solid organ of the the abdomen? | liver |
| What lobe of the liver is the first seen on axial imaging from superior to inferior? | Right |
| Which lobe of the liver is the the most anterior of the lobes? | Left |
| Which lobe is located on the anterioinferior surface of the left lobe between the gallbladder and ligamentum of teres? | quadrate lobe |
| What structure in the abdomen produces bile? | the liver |
| What is the purpose of the gallbladder? | stores and concentrates bile |
| What two ducts form the common bile duct? | cystic and common hepatic duct |
| What anatomic structure should you reference when looking to find the common bile duct on an axial image? | the head of the pancreas |
| What function does the pancreas serve? | endocrine function (insulin and glucagon) & exocrine (digestive enzymes for breaking down starches, lipids, proteins, and neutralizes gastric acid |
| What is the largest lymph organ in the abdomen? | the spleen |
| What functions does the spleen have? | produces white blood cells, filters abnormal blood cells from blood, stores iron from red blood cells, initiates the immune response |
| What quadrant of the abdomen is the spleen? | left upper quadrant |
| What quadrant of the abdomen is the liver? | right upper quadrant |
| What is the appearance of the splenic parenchyma after contrast injection? | heterogenous |
| What is the function of the adrenal glands? | to produce corticosteroids |
| What is the function of the kidneys? | to filter fluid and waste from the body |
| Which kidney will be found more inferior in the abdomen? | right |
| What spinal levels do the kidneys lie? | T12-L4 |
| What portion of the kidney contains the renal nephrons? | renal cortex |
| What portion of the kidney contain the collecting system for urine? | the renal medulla contains the renal pelvis |
| What is the medial indent of the the kidney that allows for the passage of the veins, arteries, and ureters called? | renal hilum |
| What abdominal structure transports urine to the bladder? | the ureters |
| What is the function of the stomach? | breakdown and storage of food; production of intrinsic factor necessary for absorption of B12 |
| What are the three portions of the stomach? | fundus, body, pylorus |
| What are the three divisions of the small intestines? | duodenum, jejunum, & ileum |
| What portion of the small intestines is the largest portion? | the ileum |
| Where does the small intestines terminate? | the ileocecal valve |
| What is the function of the large intestines? | reabsorption of water; storage and elimination of fecal material |
| What vessels give blood to and drain the small and large intestines? | the superior mesenteric artery and vein (SMV & SMA) |
| When are lymph nodes considered pathological? | when the short axis is greater than 1 cm |
| Where can lymph nodes be found in the abdomen? | along the main branches of the aorta and intestines |
| At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate? | level of L4 |
| What are the major divisions of the aorta (in order from superior to inferior)? | celiac truck, superior mesenteric artery (SMA), renal arteries |
| What are the three branches of the celiac trunk? | Lt gastric artery, common hepatic artery, splenic artery |
| To what structures does the superior mesenteric artery supply blood to? | head of pancreas, and the majority of the small and large intestines |
| What artery supplies blood to the colon? | the inferior mesenteric artery |
| Where is the superior mesenteric artery found? | about 3-4 cm above the aortic bifurcation |
| What is the largest vein of the body? | inferior vena cava (IVC) |
| What two vessels combine to make the IVC? | the right and left common iliac arteries |
| What vessels supply blood to the kidneys? | renal arteries |
| Where do the renal arteries arise from? | the aorta |
| Where do the renal veins dump deoxygenated blood? | the IVC |
| How is a patient positioned for an abdominal procedure? | supine, head first and arms above the head? |
| Why should patients hold their breath during abdominal imaging? | to minimize motion artifacts and slice misregistration |
| What is an AAA? | abdominal aortic aneurysm; dilatation of the abdominal aorta |
| What is the normal diameter of the abdominal aorta? | 2cm |
Created by:
jacook3
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