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RADT313 - Lower GI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The purpose of a Small Bowel Series is to: | examine the small intestine |
| A Small Bowel Series frequently follows and Upper GI Series which is typically called a: | “Small bowel follow through” |
| The large intestine, starts in the ____________ (RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ) and it is the connection to the small intestine at the __________. | RLQ, cecum |
| The _____ of the small intestine is the shortest and widest. | Duodenum |
| The Duodenum is typically located in what quadrant? | RUQ and LUQ |
| _________ makes up 2/5th of small intestine. | Jejunum |
| The Jejunum is typically located in what quadrant? | LUQ and LLQ |
| The ______ is the longest portion of the small intestine and makes up the distal 3/5th of small intestine. | Ileum |
| The Ileum is typically located in what quadrant? | RUQ, RLQ, and LLQ |
| The ___________ has many mucosal folds that create a feathery appearance and helps with nutrition absorption. | Jejunum |
| The ___________ is C-shaped because the head of the pancreas sits in between it and it is immediately distal to the stomach. | Duodenum |
| The ____________ contains finger-like projections called villi that look feathery radiographically when barium filled. | Jejunum |
| The Large intestine starts in the RLQ, and consists of 4 main parts, the: | Cecum, colon, rectum, and the anal canal |
| The 4 sections of the colon includes the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon and the right (or hepatic) and the left colic (or splenic) flexures. the colon does not include the: | Cecum or the rectum |
| What does the ileocecal valve do? | The ileocecal valve acts as a sphincter and it prevents reflux of the large intestine contents into the ileum |
| ____________ makes up 50% of all emergency abdominal surgeries and it is 1.5 times more common in men than in women. | Acute Appendicitis |
| If you meet resistance placing the enema tip, what should you do? | Have the radiologist insert it using fluoroscopic guidance |
| There are 3 bands of muscle called __________ that pull the large intestine to make haustra (pouches). | Taenia coli |
| What are the 3 digestive functions of the Small Intestine? | 1. Digestion 2. Absorption 3. Reabsorption |
| What are the digestive functions of the Large Intestine? | 1. Primary function - elimination of feces (defection) 2. Reabsorption (h2o, salts, vitamins B and K and amino acids) |
| _____________ are wavelike contractions that propel food from the stomach through the small and large intestines. | Peristalsis |
| When preparing a patient for an Upper GI/Small Bowel, the patient should be NPO for: | 8 hours |
| Contraindications to Barium include: | Pre-surgical patients, perforated bowl, Large Intestine obstruction |
| Contraindications to water-soluble iodinated contrast media include: | Young or dehydrated patients and a sensitivity to iodine |
| Always obtain a history and obtain a _______ image from the patient before beginning the exam with contrast. | Scout |
| ______________ means the injection of a nutrient or medicine into the bowel (NG tube for example). | Enteroclysis |
| For an Upper GI/Small Bowel, the _____ (AP/PA) projection is preferred to allow compression of the abdomen to occur. This compression helps separate the loops of the intestine. | PA, separate the loops of the intestine (compression paddle can also be used if AP |
| For the 15 to 30 min PA Projection – Small Bowel Series, the CR should be centered: | 2 inches above the iliac crest because the contrast will likely not have moved down the bowel as much as will still be in the upper quadrants |
| For the hourly PA Projection – Small Bowel Series, the CR should be centered: | At the level of iliac crest due to the passage of contrast from where it started |
| ________ is inflammation of the small bowel possibly from a bacterial infection, diet or stress. | Colitis |
| ________ occurs when there is a blockage in small intestine. | Obstruction |
| ________ are common (benign or malignant) tumors. | Neoplasms |
| The purpose of a Barium Enema or BE is to: | Examine the large intestine |
| The balloon should be inflated only under fluoroscopic guidance by a __________ due to the potential danger of an intestinal rupture | radiologist |
| When preparing for a table fluoroscopy examination of the bowel, the bucky tray should be at the patient's _______. | feet |
| The __________ position relaxes the abdominal muscles and decreases pressure within the abdomen. For this reason, it is used to being the BE procedure. | Sims’ Position |
| For the Sims' position, how should the patient lay? | On their left side and with their right leg flexed |
| Total insertion of the BE tip insertion should not exceed ________ inches. | 3 to 4 inches |
| The height of enema bag should be no higher than ________ inches above the table. | 24 inches |
| No peristalsis (or contraction) of the intestines can be ________ or ______________. | paralytic or mechanical |
| ____________ is if there no peristalsis and there is no physical blockage, however, the bowels are not moving food through the digestive tract. | Paralytic |
| ____________ is if there is no peristalsis because there is a blockage preventing the movement of food. | Mechanical |
| ____________ is a twisting of a portion of the intestine leading to obstruction. | Volvulus |
| ____________ is a telescoping of one part of intestine into another. | Intussusception (common age under 2yrs) |
| ____________ is when the patient has numerus diverticula (pouches) and may need surgery. | Diverticulosis |
| ____________ are small clumps of cells that form on linings of colon and is from abnormal tissue growths (look like flat bumps). | Colon Polyps |
| For a Barium Enema, proper kVp techniques include: | Single contrast - 110 to 125 kV range Double contrast - 90 to 100 kV Iodine Water soluble contrast media – 80 to 90 kV range |
| The _______ colic flexure is lower due to the Liver. | right colic |
| For the PA and/or AP Projection – Barium Enema, the CR should be: | At the level of the iliac crest |
| For a RAO Barium Enema, the patient should be in a ______ degrees oblique. | 35 to 45 degrees |
| For a RAO Barium Enema, the CR should be: | At the Iliac crest & 1 in left of MSP |
| For a RAO Barium Enema, the ________ colic flexure is best visualized. | Right colic flexure "face down side down" |
| For a LAO - Barium Enema, the patient should be in a ______ degrees oblique. | 35 to 45 degrees |
| For a LAO - Barium Enema, the CR should be: | 1-2 inches above the iliac crest and 1 inch right of MSP |
| For a LAO - Barium Enema, the ________ colic flexure is best visualized. | Left colic flexure "face down side down" |
| For a LPO - Barium Enema, the patient should be in a ______ degrees oblique. | 35 to 45 degrees |
| For a LPO - Barium Enema, the CR should be: | At the iliac crest & about 1 inch lateral from MSP to elevated side |
| For a LPO - Barium Enema, the ________ colic flexure is best visualized. | Right colic (hepatic) flexure "face up side up" |
| For a RPO - Barium Enema, the patient should be in a ______ degrees oblique. | 35 to 45 degrees |
| For a RPO - Barium Enema, the CR should be: | At the iliac crest & about 1 inch lateral from MSP to the elevated side |
| For a RPO - Barium Enema, the ________ colic flexure is best visualized. | Left colic (splenic) flexure "face up side up" |
| For the BE - Lateral Rectum Position, the CR should be: | At the level of ASIS and MCP - midway between ASIS and posterior sacrum |
| For the BE - Lateral Rectum Position, what is best demonstrated? | Rectosigmoid region |
| For the BE - Ventral Decubitus Lateral Rectum, the CR should be: | At the level of ASIS and MCP - midway between ASIS and posterior sacrum |
| For the BE - Right Lateral Decubitus, the CR should be: | At the iliac crest and MSP |
| For the BE - Right Lateral Decubitus, what is best demonstrated? | The right lateral decubitus position best demonstrates the left side (side up) |
| For the BE - Left Lateral Decubitus, the CR should be: | At the iliac crest and MSP |
| For the BE - Left Lateral Decubitus, what is best demonstrated? | The left lateral decubitus position best demonstrates the right side (side up) |
| This BE image should be taken after the patient has had time for an adequate evacuation. | BE - PA / AP Postevac |
| For the BE - PA / AP Postevac, the CR should be: | At the iliac crest |
| For the BE - AP Axial, what CR angle and direction should be used? | 30-40 degrees cephalad |
| For the BE - AP Axial, the CR should be: | 2 inches inferior to level of ASIS and to MSP |
| The __________ BE view creates an elongated view of the rectosigmoid segments and it has less overlapping of the sigmoid loops than with a 90-degree AP projection. | BE - AP Axial |
| For the BE - AP Axial Oblique (LPO), the patient should be in a ______ degrees oblique. | 30-40 degrees |
| For the BE - AP Axial Oblique (LPO), what CR angle and direction should be used? | 30-40 degrees cephalad |
| For the BE - AP Axial Oblique (LPO), the CR should be: | 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial to right ASIS |
| For the BE - PA Axial, what CR angle and direction should be used? | 30-40 degrees caudad |
| For the BE - PA Axial, the CR should be: | Exit at level of ASIS and MSP |
| For the BE - PA Axial Oblique (RAO), the patient should be in a ______ degrees oblique. | 35-45 degrees |
| For the BE - PA Axial Oblique (RAO), what CR angle and direction should be used? | 30-40 degrees caudad |
| For the BE - PA Axial Oblique (RAO), the CR should be: | Exit at level of ASIS and 2 inches to left of lumbar spinous process |
| An infant is brought to the ED with a possible intussusception. What procedure may actually correct this condition? | Barium or air enema |
| T/F: Synthetic latex enema tips are safe to use for latex-sensitive patients. | True |
Created by:
rdwilliams
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