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Psych Unit 2
Study Guide Definitions/Terms from Unit 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| modeling | Albert Bandura mostly informal observations made throughout life general modeling, observational learning, and disinhibition |
| disinhibition | used in clinical work with phobias |
| factors that influence learning | feedback, transfer, and practice |
| learned helplessness | when people are unable to control events in their lives they are less motivated to act and stop trying |
| creativity | ability to use info to somehow create something new, original, and meaningful |
| positive reinforcement | anything that's added to a situation that increases the probability that the response will occur again (reward) |
| negative reinforcement | painful or unpleasant stimulus is removed or not applied if certain behavior occurs |
| mnemonic devices | techniques for using associations to memorize info like roy g biv |
| discrimination | the ability to respond differently to different stimuli |
| generalization | subject responds to second stimulus (usually similar) as it did the first |
| operant conditioning | B.F. Skinner learning from the consequence of behavior |
| classical conditioning | Ivan Pavlov the process in which an automatic, conditioned response is paired with specific stimuli |
| reinforcement schedules | continuous: reinforcing every appropriate response partial: positive reinforcement on a partial or intermittent basis |
| partial reinforcement | ratio: # of correct responses made between reinforcements interval: amount of time between reinforcements |
| fixed ratio reinforcement | reinforcement that depends on the # of responses |
| variable ratio reinforcement | reinforcement is based on the # of correct responses but varies in the # (best for prolonged periods of time) |
| fixed-interval reinforcement | reinforcement occurs after a specified amount of time (the time is constant) |
| variable-interval reinforcement | the amount of time between reinforcements changes each time |
| general modeling | when the behavior of others simply increases the chance you will do the same |
| observational learning | pure imitation |
| interference | memory being blocked by previous or succeeding memories proactive is earlier memory does the blocking retroactive is later memory does the blocking |
| memory | the storage of inputs |
| forgetting | when info that once entered long term memory can't be retrieved, it's said to be forgotten could be due to amnesia or interference |
| recall | the active reconstruction of information |
| selective attention | the ability to pick and choose among the different available inputs like primary needs, strange or unusual, or interest |
| feature extraction | involves locating the outstanding characteristics of incoming information experience plays an important role in ability |
| confabulation | when a person re-remembers part of a memory/experience and fills in the gaps by making up the rest |
| repression | subconscious blocking of memories that are painful or unpleasant |
| eidetic memory | photographic memory |
| sensory stage of memory | holds info for only an instant at the receptors |
| short term memory | holds info for approx 20 seconds can only hold 7-8 unrelated items |
| long term memory | any storage from 20-30 seconds on |
| classical conditioning equation | UCS -> UCR NS + UCS -> UCR CR -> CR |
Created by:
saunella
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