Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Sense and Perception
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Attentional Capture | motion attracts attention to the moving object |
| Real motion | object is physically moving |
| Illusory motion | apperent movement- stationary stimuli are presented in slightly different locations |
| Induced motion | movement of one object results in perception of movement in another object |
| Motion agnosia | Damage to the cortex resulting in the inablity to percieve motion |
| Motion aftereffect | Movement appears to aoccur in the opposite direction from the original movement |
| Local disturbance in the optic array | objects relative to background such that it is covered and uncovered ecological approach |
| Optic array | overall movement of optic array, observer is moving and not the enviornment ecological approach |
| Apperture problem | percieving misleading information about the direction in which the stimulus is moving, phsyological approach |
| Medial Temporal Cortex (MT) | nucleus in the dorsal stream which contains directionally selective nerons that pool information from the striate complex |
| Striate cortex | Responds to movement of the ends of objects |
| coherence | Part of the dot stimuli, degree to which dots move in the same direction, range from 0 (no) -100 (same time) |
| Microstimulation | lowering a small wire electrode into the cortex and passing weak electrical charge through the tip of the electrode. The weak shock stimulates neurons that are near the electrode tip and causes them to fire, just like a nerotransmitter. |
| Corrollary discharge theory | no movement across the retina, but the caparator is recieving information indicating that the eye is moving, then the observer percieves motion. |
| Real motion Neuron | Respond only when the stimulus moves and dosen't respond when the eye moves |
| Biological Motion | motion of a person or other living organism |
| Implied motion | a still picutre depicts a situation involving motion |
| representational momentum | motion in a picture tends to continue in the observers mind |
| additive color mixture | mixing lights by adding up the wavelengths of each light in the mixture |
| Subtractive color mixture | each paint blob abosorms wavelengths an these wavelenghs are still absorbed by the mixture |
| trichromatic theory of color vision | States that color vision depends on the activity of three different receptor mechanisms |
| Color matching | obsrevers adjusted the amounts of three different wavelenghs of light mixed together in a "comparison feild" untill the color of the mixture matche the "test feild" |
| Matamerism | two physicaly different stimuli are perceptually identical |
| Monochromat | person who needs only one wavelength to match any color, no functioning cones |
| Dichromat | person who needs only two wavelenghts to match any color |
| Anomalous trichromat | needs three wavelenghts in diffeerent proportions than normal trichomat |
| Unilateral dichromat | trichromatic vision in one eye and dichromatic vision in the other |
| Protonopia | see short wavelenghts as blue, neutral point at 492nm, above neutral see yellow, missing the long wavelength pigment |
| Deuteronopia | see short wavelengths as blue, neutral point at 498nm, above neutra they see yellow, missing medium wavelength pigment |
| Tritanopia | see short wavelenghts as blue, neutral point at 570nm, above netural they see red, missing the short wavelength pigment |
| Opponent process theory of color vision | color vison is caused by opposing responses generated by blue and yellow and by red and green |
| opponent nerons | in the retina and the lateral geniculate neucleus, excitatiory response to light from one part of the spectrum and inhibitory repsonse from the other end |
| color constatncy | percieve colors of objects as being relativley constant even under changing illumination |
| chromatic adaptation | prolonged exposure to chromatic color leads to recptors adapting when the stimulus color selectlively bleaches a specific cone, decreases sensitivity to the color |
| memory color | perception of prior knowledge of typical colors of objects affects how you percieve the objects color |
| illumination edge | an edge where the lighting changes. the border between a and b is an illuminated edge because area a is recieving more light than area b, which is in shadow. |
| convergence | inward movement of the eyes when we focus on nearby objects |
| Accomodation | change in the shape of the lens when we focus on objects at different distances |
| occlusion | one object hides or partially hides another from view |
| Relative height | objects that are below the horizon and have their bases higher in the feild of vew are usually seen as being more distant |
| Relative size | when two objects are of equal size, the one that is farther will appear smaller |
| Perspective Convergence | parallel lines extend out from the observer, they are percieved as coming closer together as the distance increases |
| Familiar Size | judge distance based on our prior knowledge of the sizes of objects |
| Atmostphereic Perspective | more distance objects appear less sharp and often have a slight blue tint |
| Texture gradient | elements that are equally spaced in a scene appear to be more closely packed as distances increases. |
| Shadows | indicate where objects are located, enhance 3D objects |
| Motion Parallax | as we move nearby objects appear to glide rapidly past us, more distant objects appear to move more slowly |
| Deletion | objects become covered |
| Accretion | objects become uncovered |
| Binocular disparity | the differenece in the images in the left and right eyes |
| horopter | imaginary surface that passes through the point of fixation and indicates the location of objcts that fall on corresponding points on the two retinas |
| absolute disparity | provides information about the distances of objects, indicaties how far objects are from the horopter |
| Relitive dispartity | difference between two objects absolute disparities |
| Stereopsis | depth information provided by binocular disparity |
| size constancy | perception of an object remains relively constant |
| missapplied size-constancy scaling | works in 3D, and missapplied for 2D objects does not explain "dumbell" example and some 3D displays |
| conflicting cues theory | perception of the lines depend on actuall length of the vertical lines, and the overall length of the figure |
| Ponzo illusion | horizontal rectangular objects are placed over railroad tracks in a picure, the far rectangle appears larger than the closer rectangle but both are the same size |
| Ames Room | causes two people of equal size to appear very different in size, left corner of the room is twice as far away as the right corner, size distance scaling and relative size |
| Moon illusion | moon appears higher on the horizon than in the sky |
| Apperent distance theory | horizon moon is surrounded by depth cues while mone higher in the sky has none |
| "flattened heavens" | horizon is percieved as futher away than the sky |
| Angular size contrast theory | moon appears smaller when surrounded by larger objects |
| Physical Sound | pressure changes in the air or other medium |
| Perceptual Sound | the experience we have when we hear |
| Sound wave | travels at 340m per sec throught the air |
| condensation | diaphragm of the speaker moves out pushing air molecules closer together |
| rarefication | diaphragm moves in pulling the air molecules apart |
| Pure tone | pressure changes in the air occur in a sine curve |
| Loudness | amplitude, measured in decibles dB |
| Pitch | frequency, measured in Hertz |
| Tone height | increase in pitch that happens when frequency is increased |
| Audibility curve | shows the threshold of hearing in realtion to frequency, 2,000-4,000 Hz. |
| Auditory repsonse area | falls between the adibility curve and the threshold for feeling |
| Outter ear | pinna and audtiory canal |
| Pinna | sound location, stick out of the head |
| Auditory canal | protect the tympanic membrane (eardrum) at the end of the canal aplifies frequencies between 1000 and 5000 Hz, contains wax |
| Middle Ear | cavity separting inner and outter ear, contains the three ossicles Malleus, Incus, Stapes |
| Malleus | moves due to vibration of the tympanic membrane |
| Incus | transmits vibrations of malleus |
| Stapes | transmits vibrations of the incus to the inner ear via oval window of the cochlea |
| Inner Ear | Cochlea |
| Cochlea | fluid filled snail-like structure set to vibrate by the stapes, divided into the scala vestibuli and scala typani, Organ of Corti |
| Resonance | occurs in the auditory canal when shound waves are reflected back from the closed end of the auditory canal |
| Organ of Corti | contain hair cells (cilia, inner and outer hair cells) basiliar membrane, tectorial membrane |
| hair cells | receptors for hearing |
| cilia | protrude from the tops of the cells sound acts to produce chemical signals (transduction) |
| basilar membrane | supports the organ of corti and vibrates in response to sound |
| tectorial membrane | extends over the hair cells |
| place theory of hearing | frequency of a sound is indicated by the place along the cochlea at which nerve firing is highest, low frequencies cause max at apex, high cause max at base |
| phase locking | firing happens near the peak of the sine wave stimulus, groups of fibers fire with periods of silent intervals creating a pattern of firing. |
| conductive hearing loss | blockage of sound from receptor cells |
| sensorineural hearing loss | damage to hair cells, damage to the auditory nerve or brain, |
| Presbycusis | greatest loss at high frequencies, affects males, exposure to damaging noises or drugs |
| Noise-induced hearing loss | loud noises severly damages the organ of Corti |
| What stream for hearing | ventral stream, starts in the anterior portion of the core and belt and extents to the prefrontal cortex, identifying sounds |
| Where stream for hearing | dorsal stream, starts in the posterior core and belt and extends to the parietal and prefrontal cortices, locating sounds |
| auditory localization | identifying objects based on their sound |
| auditory space | surrounds the observer and exists wherever there is sound |
| Azimuth corrdinates | position left to right |
| Elevation coordinates | position up and down |
| Distance coordinates | position from the observer |
| Binaural cues | location cues based on the comparison of the signals recieved by the left and right ears |
| Interaural time difference | difference between the times sounds reach the two ears |
| Interaural level difference | difference in sound pressure level reaching the two ears, high frequency sounds reduce in intensity |
| Auditory scene | the array of all sound sources in the enviornment |
| Audiotory scene analysis | process by which sound sources in the audiory scene are seperated into individual perceptions |
| melody schema | a representation of a familiar melody that is stored in a person's memory |
| intamcy time | time between when sound arrives directly from the stage and when the firtst reflection arrives |
| bass ratio | ratio of low frequencies to middle frequencies that are reflected from walls and other surfaces |
| Spaciousness factor | fraction of all of the sound recieved by a listener that is indirect sound |
| Cutaneous senses | perception of touch and pain from stimulation of the skin |
| Proprioception | ability to sense position of the body and limbs |
| Kinesthesis | ability to sense movement of body and limbs |
| mechanoreceptors | respond to mechanical stimulation such as pressure, stretching and vibration |
| Merkel receptor | on the skin, fires coninuously as long as the stimulus is on, find detail |
| Meissner corpuscle | fires only ones the stimulus is first applied and when its removed, controls hand grip |
| Ruffini cylinder | responds continuously to stimulation, stretching of the skin |
| Pacinaian | stimulus is removed and applied, sensing rapid vibrations and fine texture |
| Medial lemniscal pathway | large fibers that carry proprioceptive and touch information |
| Spinothalamic pathway | small fibers that carry temperature and pain information |
| Two-point threshold | minimum spearation needed between two points to percieve them as two units |
| Grating acuity | placing a grooved stimulus on the skin and asking the participant to indicate the orientation of the grating |
| Raised pattern idientification | usint such patternt sto determin the smallest size that can be identified |
| homunculus | body map |
| duplex theory of texture perception | there are two types of receptors involved in the perception of texture spatial cues and temporal cues |
| Haptic pereption | active exploration of 3D objectis with the hand |
| Nociceptive | signals impending damage to the skin, heat, chemicals, severe pressure and cold |
| Inflammatory pain | caused by damage to tissues and joints or by tumor cells |
| Neuropathic pain | caused by damage to the central nervous system, brain damage, carpal tunnel syndrome |
| naloxone | blocks the receptor sites causing more pain, decreases the effectivness of placebos |
Created by:
mpete
Popular Psychology sets