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Chapter 14 Vitamin
Chapter 14 Vitamin Replacement
| Vitamin | Function | Food Sources | Deficiency Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| pantothenic acid | Promotes body's use of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Essential for synthesis of Ach. | Egg yolk, potatoes, broccoli, liver, legumes, whole grain cereals | Natural deficiency unknown in man |
| B3 (nicotinic acid or niacin) | coenzyme for energy metabolism and in the synthesis of fatty acids. | meat, fish, poultry, peanut butter, legumes, fortified grains, roasted coffee | pellagra, diarrhea, dementia, and dermatitis as red rash on face, neck, hands and feet |
| biotin | Synthesis of fatty acids and energy production from glucose. Required to form purines, essential components of DNA & RNA. | Egg yolk, liver, legumes, nuts, tomatoes, and cereals | mostly in children - skin rash, alopecia, muscle pain, paresthesia, depression, and hallucinations |
| C (ascorbic acid) | Helps tissue repair and growth. Required in formation of collagen. | Citrus fruits, tomatoes, leafy green vegetables, potatoes, strawberries | Poor wound healing, bleeding gums, scurvy, predisposition to infection |
| D (calciferol) | Promotes use of phosphorus and calcium. Important for strong teeth and bones. | Vitamin D-fortified milk, egg yolk, tuna, salmon | Rickets, deficit of phosphorus and calcium in blood |
| E | Protects fatty acids and promotes the formation and functioning of red blood cells, muscle, and other tissues. | Whole-grain cereals, wheat germ, vegetable oils, lettuce, sunflower seeds, milk, eggs, meat | Breakdown of red blood cells |
| K | Essential for blood clotting. | Leafy green vegetables, liver, cheese, egg yolk, vegetable oil, tomatoes | Increased clotting time, leading to increased bleeding and hemorrhage |
| B12 (cobalamin) | Functions as a building block of nucleic acids and to form red blood cells. Facilitates functioning of nervous system | Animal products. Meat, milk, eggs, and cheese. | Gastrointestinal disorders, poor growth, anemias. Numbness, tingling in the hands and feet, moodiness, confusion, depression, delusions. |
| A | Required for development and maintenance of healthy eyes, gums, teeth, skin, hair, and selected glands. Needed for fat metabolism. | Whole milk, butter, eggs, leafy green and yellow vegetables and fruits*Natural vitamin A, found only in animal sources: cod, halibut, shark, tuna | Dry skin, poor tooth development, night blindness |
| B1 (thiamine) | Promotes use of sugars (energy). Required for good function of nervous system and heart. | Enriched breads and cereals, yeast, liver, pork, wheat germ, black beans, sunflower seeds | beriberi, anorexia, indigestion, constipation; apathy, fatigue, muscle weakness, paralysis |
| B2 (riboflavin) | Promotes body's use of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats by releasing energy to cells. Required for tissue integrity | Milk, enriched breads and cereals, liver, lean meat, eggs, legumes | eye disorders, lesions on lips and in oral cavity, seborrheic dermatitis,normocytic anemia, dry flaky skin, sore red tongue. |
| B6 (pyridoxine) | Important in metabolism, synthesis of proteins, and formation of red blood cells. | Lean meat, leafy green vegetables, whole-grain cereals, yeast, bananas | depression, nausea, greasy flaky skin |
| Folic acid (Folvite) | Helps in formation of genetic materials and proteins for the cell nucleus. Assists with intestinal functioning, prevents selected anemias. | Leafy green vegetables, yellow fruits and vegetables, yeast, organ meats | Decreased white blood cell count and clotting factors, anemias, intestinal disturbances, depression. Red, smooth, and swollen tongue,fainting, fatigue. |
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