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9 - SemTEST Spring24
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Energy | The ability to do work |
| Mechanical Energy | the total energy of motion and position of an object |
| Potential Energy | the energy of position or shape |
| Gravitational PE | energy due to weight and height |
| Elastic PE | energy due to an object's ability to stretch and reform its original shape |
| Chemical PE | the energy stored in chemical bonds |
| Nuclear PE | energy stored in the nucleus of an atom |
| Kinetic Energy | the energy of motion |
| Thermal KE | all the energy due to the random motion of the particles that make up the object |
| Sound KE | molecules bumping into each other to transmit sound |
| Electromagnetic KE | movement of electrons for both light and sound waves |
| Radiant KE | the energy that travels in transverse waves |
| Motion | is an object's change in position relative to a reference point |
| Reference Point | A place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion |
| Distance | the length of a path between two point |
| Displacement | the change in position of an object |
| vector | a quantity that has magnitude and direction |
| Magnitude | the size of a quantity |
| Speed | the distance something travels in a certain amount of time |
| instantaneous speed | the speed at a certain given moment |
| Scalars | quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone |
| Velocity | the speed of an object in a particular direction |
| vector quantity | Velocity is a ___________. |
| scalar quantity | Speed is a ___________. |
| meters per second (m/s) | velocity and speed are measured in |
| meters (m) | distance is measured in |
| second (s) | time is measured in |
| meters per second squared (m/s^2) | acceleration is measured in |
| force | A push or a pull |
| balanced forces | forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force of zero |
| unbalanced forces | forces acting on an object that combine and form a net force that is not zero |
| net force | the combination of all the forces acting on an object at the same time |
| friction | the force that opposes movement between touching surfaces and always acts against the direction of motion. |
| static friction | the force of friction between surfaces not in motion |
| sliding friction | friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another |
| rolling friction | the friction between surfaces, when an object, such as a wheel or a ball, rolls freely over a surface. |
| fluid friction | the friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid |
| gravity | the force that attracts masses together |
| terminal velocity | the speed at which the force of gravity equals air resistance |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| weight | The measurement of the force of gravity on an object that has mass. |
| force of gravity; mass of the object | What are two things that weight depends on? |
| 9.8 m/s² | acceleration due to gravity on earth |
| decreases | The force of gravity _____________ as the distance between masses increase. |
| F = m(a) | force formula |
| The mass of the object; the distance between the two objects | What are the two things the strength of gravity depends on? |
| ⅙th That of Earth | Gravity of the moon compared to Earth |
| speeds up | When the net force (and therefore acceleration) is in the same direction as the velocity what happens? |
| slows down | When the net force is in the opposite direction as the velocity what happens? |
| Acceleration | The rate at which velocity changes with time |
| Deceleration | negative acceleration |
| Speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction | What are the 3 ways to accelerate? |
| the object is not moving or it is moving at a constant speed in a straight line | When will you have a zero acceleration? |
| Newton's First Law | An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force |
| inertia | matter's resistance to change in motion |
| Centripetal Force | the force that causes objects to have circular motion |
| Newton's second law | states the acceleration of an object is equal to the net force acting on it, divided by the object's mass. |
| Newton's Third Law | For every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force |
| Momentum | a measure of how difficult it is to change the inertia of an object. |
| Law of Conservation of Momentum | states that the total momentum of a group of objects stays the same unless outside forces act on the objects |
| mass x velocity | momentum formula |
| p | abbreviation for momentum |
| mass x gravity | weight formula |
| mass x acceleration | force formula |
Created by:
Ms. Greenup
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