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Economics Review 4
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is meant by the term market equilibrium? | Market equilibrium occurs when demand equals supply. |
Define the term market clearing price. | The market clearing price is the price at which sellers are clearing (selling) their stock at an acceptable rate. |
True or False? The equilibrium price is where sellers and buyers are satisfied. | True. At the equilibrium price, sellers will be satisfied with the rate and quantity of sales, and buyers will be satisfied that the product provides benefits worth paying for. |
How is market disequilibrium defined? | Market disequilibrium occurs whenever there is excess demand or excess supply in a market. |
What does the term excess demand mean? | Excess demand occurs when the demand is greater than the supply. |
Define the term excess supply. | Excess supply occurs when the supply is greater than the demand. |
What can cause excess demand? | Excess demand occurs when product prices are too low or when demand is so high that supply cannot keep up with it. |
What causes excess supply? | Excess supply occurs when product prices are too high or when demand falls unexpectedly. |
State the meaning of the term shortage. | A shortage occurs when there is excess demand in the market (Qd > Qs). |
True or False? Shortages arise when the price is above equilibrium. | False. Shortages arise when the selling price is below equilibrium, whereas surpluses arise when the selling price is above equilibrium. |
Define the term surplus. | Surplus is the term used when there is excess supply in the market (Qs > Qd). |
What do demand and supply schedules show? | Demand and supply schedules show the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied of a product at different price levels. |
What are dynamic markets? | Dynamic markets are real world markets that are constantly changing. |
Define the term disequilibrium. | Disequilibrium occurs when there is excess demand or excess supply in a market. |
How do market forces respond to disequilibrium? | Market forces seek to clear excess demand or supply. |
What causes an increase in demand? | An increase in demand is caused by a change in the conditions of demand. |
State the meaning of the term supply shock. | A supply shock is an unexpected event that changes the supply of a good or service, such as the 2011 tsunami in Japan, which created a global supply shock. |
What is the impact of inflation on demand? | Inflation lowers real income, reducing the demand for normal goods and services. |
What is the aim of a subsidy? | A subsidy is a payment from the government to the producer with the aim of increasing the supply of a good or service. |
True or False? An increase in supply lowers the equilibrium price. | True. An increase in supply lowers the equilibrium price. |
How do markets respond to excess demand? | Sellers usually raise prices in response to excess demand. |
What is the market's response to excess supply? | Excess supply usually causes sellers to lower prices. |