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Matter & Acids ect.
Physics EXAM TERM 2 2024
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 3 subatomic particles are atoms made of? | protons (+1) electrons (-1) neutrons (0) |
| What are nucleons? | The collective name for protons and neutrons found in the nucleus. |
| What is the nucleus? | -central core of atom -positive -contains all protons and nuetrons |
| What is the formula for number of electrons in a shell? | 2n² |
| What is an element? | - composed of identical atoms - simplest form of matter (can't breakdown substance into simpler form) |
| True or False: The number of electrons determine elements | False, number of protons |
| in 1869 the first periodic table was devised by a Russian scientist named.. | Dmitri Mendeleev |
| What's a compound? | A combination of two or more elements (chemically bonded) |
| What's a molecule? | a tiny particle which is a combination of two or more ATOMS (chemically bonded) |
| How do you name a compound when a metal reacts with a non-metal? | metal non-metalIDE |
| How do you name a compound when non metals react with oxygen atoms? | non-metal MONOXIDE (1O) non-metal DIOXIDE (2O) non-metal TRIOXIDE (3O) |
| what do you say when there a specific set of atoms? | OH - hydroxide SO₄ - sulfate SO₃ - sulfite NO₃ - nitrate CO₃ - carbonate NH₄ - ammonium |
| What are the chemical names for 1. water 2. table salt 3. methane 4. baking powder 5. stink bomb 6. laughing gas 7. plaster of Paris 8. petrol | 1. hydrogen monoxide H20 2. sodium chloride NaCl 3. Methane CH4 4. sodium carbonate NaHCO3 5. Hydrogen sulfide H2S 6. Nitrous Oxide N20 7. Calcium Sulphate CaSO4 8. Octane C8H18 |
| When do chemical reactions take place? | When two or more elements/compounds react together to form a new substance |
| TRUE OR FALSE: In a chemical reaction energy is either released or absorbed | TRUE |
| TRUE OR FALSE: When a new substance forms due to chemical reactions the new substance has different properties. | TRUE |
| What is combustion? | Burning |
| When metals react with oxygen during combustion what happens? | -Energy is released -metal oxide is produced (in the presence of moisture) -solutions of those metal oxides are basic |
| magnesium + oxygen --> | magnesium oxide |
| Magnesium ribbon burns in a what colour? | blinding white light |
| Magnesium turns to a what powder? | white powder that can form an alkaline solution |
| Iron burns with oxygen with a what flame? | Bright yellow flame and produces sparks |
| Give a description of iron oxide | a black solid substance |
| What causes rust? | When metals react with oxygen in the presence of moisture they corrode (rust) |
| What is rust | the corrosion of steel and iron |
| How do you prevent rusting? | -paint -thin layer of zinc or chromium done via electroplating (form of electrolysis) -water repellent oil or grease layer (for moving parts) |
| How are non-metal oxides (acidic) formed? | when non metals burn in excess oxygen |
| when carbon burns in oxygen it burns with what flame? | a bright luminous yellow flame |
| Burnt carbon is what colour? | Black |
| when sulfer burns in oxygen it burns with what flame? | blue flame |
| What are characteristics of sulpher dioxide | -choking smell -colourless gas |
| What are 5 properties of acids? | 1. sour taste 2. feels rough 3. turns blue litmus red 4. has a pH value of less than 7 5. has hydrogen in front of it's chemical formula |
| What are 5 examples of acids? | 1. HCl - hydrochloric acid 2. H2SO4- sulphuric acid/battery acid 3. HNO3 - nitric acid 4. Acetic acid (vinegar) 4. Citric acid (in citrus fruits) |
| What are 5 properties of bases? | 1. bitter taste 2. feels smooth/soapy 3. turns red litmus paper blue 4. has pH value of greater than 7 5. May have hydroxide OH @ end of chemical fomula |
| What are 4 examples of bases? | 1. NaOH - caustic soda/drain cleaner 2. Ca(OH)2 - lime 3. NH4OH - kitchen cleaner 4. NaHCO3 - sodium bicarbonate |
| The pH scale ranges from 0-? | 14 |
| What are indicators? | substances that is used to test whether a substance is acid, basic or neutral by changing colour |
| 3 examples of indicators? | red litmus and blue litmus paper, universal paper. |
| What colours do acids turn indicator paper? | yellow, orange, red |
| What colours do bases turn indicator paper? | blue, purple |
| What colours do neutrals turn indicator paper? | green |
| When does a neutralization reaction occur? | when acids react with bases to form a solution of a pH of 7. The hydrogen from acid combines with the hydroxide from the base to form water and salt |
| Acid + Base --> | water+ salt |
| HCL (hydrochloric acid) + NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) --> | NaCl + H20 |
| H2SO4(sulphuric acid)+Mg(OH)2 (magnesium hydroxide) --> | MgSO4 (epsom salts) + 2(actual 2)H2O |
| What happens when an acid reacts with a base? | Makes neutral or less basic |
| What happens when a base reacts with an acid? | Makes neutral or less acidic |
| How is neutralization used in soil treatments? | Lime or chalk is used to make soil less acidic. |
| Is neutralization used on insect stings? | zinc carbonate/bicarb is used to neutralize the acid poison. |
| Why is lime (calcium hydroxide) added to rivers? | Acid waste from industries is dumped into rivers, making the rivers acid. The acid kills aquatic animals so lime is added to neutralize the acid. |
| Reaction of an acid with a metal will form what? | salt and a hydrogen gas. |
Created by:
ariyana.r
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