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FPS Final 2010
starting with flamablilty
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Flamability | ability to burn with presence of oxygen |
| Shape/volume of gas | expands to fit container, takes on volume of container |
| Shape/volume of liquid | takes on shape of container, consistant volume |
| Shape/volume of solid | constant shape, constant volume |
| Pressure | result of force distributed over an area. SI unit-Pascal (Pa) or N/m^2 |
| Relationship between temperature and volume of a gas | Increase temp, increase pressure; increase volume, decrease pressure |
| Boyle's Law | P1*V1=P2*V2 (original pressure times the original volume equals the ending pressure time the ending volume) |
| Charles' Law | V1/T1=V2/T2 (original volume divided by the original temperature equals the ending volume divided by the original temperature) |
| Phase Change-Melting | solid to liquid |
| Phase Change-Freezing | liquid to solid |
| Phase Change-Condensation | gas to liquid |
| Phase Change-Vaporization | liquid to gas |
| Phase Change-Sublimination | solid to gas |
| Phase Change-Deposition | gas to solid |
| Person who coined the term "atom" | Democritus |
| Rutherford's gold foil experiment | sent alpha particles through gold foil; aa particles bounced off of gold nuclei |
| Protons-charge and weight | charge: 1+ weight: 1/1836 |
| Neutrons-charge and weight | charge: 0 weight: 1 |
| Electrons-charge and weight | charge: 1- weight: 1 |
| Atomic Number | number of protons an element has in an atom |
| (Mass #)-(Atomic #)=? | number of neutrons |
| Electrons move to higher energy levels whent they gain or lose electrons | gain |
| Flow of periodic table from left to right, start with metals to.... | metals, nonmetals, metalloids |
| Elements with how many valence electrons are most reactive | 1 or 7 |
| How to find Valence Electron number | group # = valence electron # |
| How does reactivity increase in a group | left side-top (least) to bottom (most); right side-bottom (least) to top (most) |
| Ionic bonds.. | transer electrons |
| Covalent bonds... | share electrons |
| Chemical formulas.... | switch electron values when they are ionic, have prefixes when they are covalent |
| The difference between polar and nonpolar | polar, the electrons aren't shared equally and there's a strong attraction between molecules; nonpolar the electrons are shared equally |
| Transition metals have more than one type of... | ion |
| Reactants and products are... | reactants-what goes into the chemical formula; product-what the reactants make |
| Acid plus base makes water and a... | salt |
| A balanced equation has... | the same number of valence electrons on each side |
| 1 mole equals... | atomic weight and what's on the mole card. |
| Redox reactions are when... | electrons are transfered from one reactant to another |
| Endothermic means.... | energy is absorbed (kJ is on the left side of equation) |
| Exothermic means... | Energy is released (kJ is on the right) |
| Energy in a reaction is _______ | conserved |
| Equilibrium ... | is when the forward and reverse paths of change happen at the same rate; represented with 2 arrows pointing both directions |
| Solubility is... | the maximum amount of a solute that can be dissolved in a solvent at a constanat temperature |
| The difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated... | saturated-contains as much solute as it can hold; unsaturated-contains less solute " " ; supersaturated-contains more solute " " |
| Molarity is calculated by... | (moles of solute)/(liters of solution) |
| Properties of acids and bases | Acids-sour taste, react with metal, and turns blue indicators red; Bases-bitter taste, slippery feel, and turn red indicators blue |
| Periodic table... | periods-rows; groups-colums; transition metals-groups 3-12 |
| Speed.. | average=(total distance)/(total time); instantaneous=at that time |
| Displacement vs. distance | displacement-direction of path and the distance between the start and end (in a straight line); Distance-the length of the path taken |
| vector.... | description of speed and direction (added if you're adding 2 velocities); added on calculator |
| Balanced and unbalanced forces... | balanced-net force=0, no change in motion/ unbalanced-object accelerates |
| Fricitional forces... | static-acts on still object (opposing the applied force); sliding-opposes direction of motion as object slides; rolling-acts on a rolling object; fluid-acts on objects in liquid or air |
| Free fall, air resistance, and gravity... | free fall-movement of an object towards Earth; Air Resistance-fluid friction in air; gravity-pulls objects together |
| Newton's first law of motion | and object at rest stays at rest unless an unbalanced force acts on it (aka the law of inertia) |
| Newton's 2nd law of motion | acceleration = (net force)/(mass) |
| Newton's third law of motion | for everya action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
| Weight equals.. | w=mass*(acceleration due to gravity) in Newtons |
| momentum equals... | momentum= mass*velocity in kg/m^2 |
| The types of forces are.. | Electromagnetic (electric and magnetic), nuclear (strong and weak) and gravitational |
| Work equals.. | W=Force*Distance in Joules (J) |
| Power (the rate of doing work) equals... | P=work/time |
| Simple machines examples... | levers, wheel and exle, inclined plane, wedge, screw, and pulleys |
| Calculating MA, AMA, and IMA | MA=numger of times machine increases input force; IMA=(input distance)/(output distance); AMA=(output force)/(input force) |
| Efficiency... | Efficiency=[(work output)/(work input)]*100% |
| Calculating of ME, KE and PE | KE=1/2mass(velocity)^2 PE=(mass)(acceleration due to gravity)(height) ME=PE+KE |
| Renewable energy sources... | hydroelectric, solar, geothermal, biomass, etc. |
| Nonrenewable energy sources... | fossil vuels, coal, natural gas, uranium |
| Speed of light discovery... | Albert Michelson-mirrors on the mountains experiment... equals 3.00*10^8 |
| Frequency and Wavelength equal | F*W=speed of light |
| Light as a wave | interference when 2 or more waves overlap |
| Light as a particle | electrons emitted when blue light hits metal |
| Names and uses for different parts of the Electromagnetic spectrum | radio waves (radio and t.v. waves, microwaves, radar waves), infared waves (heat sensors), visible light, UV rays(sun), xrays, gamma rays |
| Newton's prism experimented proved... | that white light was comprised of colored light |
| electric fields... | either attract or repel other electric fields (like fields repel, opposites attract) |
| Types of currents | AC-regularly reverse flow of current; DC-flows in one direction |
| Ohm's law says.. | voltage = current*resistance |
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