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Science Study!!
Science studying, chap. 30, 31, 32, 36, 2, 3, 4, 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | natural occurring substances made up of a single atom or compound. they are never formed |
| crystal form | orderly arrangement of atoms in a crystal is expressed in shape. |
| polymorphs | 2 or more minerals containing same elements in the same proportions but arranged differently |
| scale of hardness | a scale to let you know how hard the mineral is. |
| What is the hardest mineral? | diamond |
| What is the least hardest mineral? | talc |
| cleavage | the amount of bumpiness on a rock/mineral |
| bad cleavage | very bumpy |
| good cleavage | smooth |
| luster | the way its surface looks when reflecting light; it's shininess |
| why is color not reliable? | because any other mineral could have that color but be a different rock |
| metallic | strong reflection; polished or dull |
| vitreous | bright, glassy |
| resinous | waxy |
| greasy | like oily glass, also may feel greasy |
| pearly | pearly iridescence |
| silky | sheen of silk |
| adamantine | diamond, brilliant |
| specific gravity | ratio between weight of substances and weight of equal volume of water |
| streak | the color of a mineral in its powdered form |
| what're the most common mineral on earth? | oxygen and silicon |
| crystallization | growth of a solif from a material whose atoms come together |
| magma | molten rock from the earth's interior |
| carbonates | minerals and rocks compressed mostly of calcite |
| metamorphic | from older preexisting rocks high temperature and pressure |
| igneous | formed by cooling of hot magma |
| sedimentary | formed from sediments carried by water, rocks, wind |
| lava | molten and solid rock |
| volcano | where lava flows through and becomes magma after |
| plutons | large INtrusive igneous rock bodies |
| intrusive rocks | igneous rocks that form beneath the surface |
| dike | long skinny but fat form of a pluton |
| sill | formed ina dike goes in it horizontally |
| batholith | a blob of igneous rock underneath the surface |
| chemical weathering | chemical reactions involve water, decomposed rock |
| mechanical weathering | physically breaking rocks into small tiny pieces |
| erosion | weathered rock particles are moved by wind, water, ice. TRANSPORTED away |
| metamorphism | if rocks are heated or compressed for long time. turn into metamorphic rock |
| rock cycle | cycle through which rocks form other rocks |
| folds | series of ripples like a fat person |
| faults | one part moves relative to another and the fracture is the fault |
| strikeslip | no vertical motion, horizontal |
| tectonic plates | plates making up the earth's surface |
| earthquakes | plates rubbing together |
| how old is earth? | 4.5 billion years old |
| what does speed equal? | speed - distance/time |
| speed | the distance covered per unit of time |
| constant speed | no change or velocity |
| velocity | speed and direction. getting faster |
| 1st - Law of inertia | an object continues at a state of rest, or motion in a straight line unless something interrupts it |
| net force | the combination of all forces acting on an object |
| equilibrium | forces equal on both sides so that the vector sum of the forces = 0 |
| normal force | equals weight of object |
| acceleration | net force/mass or change in v/time or change in s/time |
| acceleration | somewhat = to net force |
| mass | amount of matter or stuff in an object |
| weight | the force due to gravity. Gravity keeps you down an that force is your weight |
| 2nd Law | acceleration = net force/ mass |
| what does gravity equal? | 10 m/s2...gravity is always the same no matter how big or how small |
| 3rd Law action and reaction | action - reaction. whenever one object give off a force on a second object, the second object gives off an equal and opposite force on the first |
| work | force X distance |
| power | work done/time interval |
| potential energy | energy that arises because an object's position |
| kinetic engergy | energy of motion possessed by moving objects |
| gravitational potential energy | weight x height |
| Potential energy | mass x 10(gravity) x height |
| kinetic energy | 1/2 mass x speed2 |
| work | the change in kinetic energy |
| conservation of energy | energy cannot be created or destroyed, iy may be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one object to another, but the total amount of energy never changes |
| mechanical energy | work input = work output |
| efficiency | work done / energy used |
| distance | work/force |
| what are the units for work? | joules |
| what are the units for force? | newtons |
Created by:
ANICHA
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