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Pharm Exam 1 - Other
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Anithistamines | 2nd gen less sedation and CNS effects. Oral: most effective when taken prophylactically. Anticholinergic effects |
Oxymetazoline | Rebound nasal congestion (makes worse when stop). Hard to get off, taper down slowly |
Pseudoephedrine | Avoid before bed, similar to Afrin |
Theophylline | Fluoroquinolone antibiotics increase levels. Narrow therapeutic index |
Prednisone | Severe ARDs when taken long-term. Only take when symptoms not controlled with safer meds. Dosing is on fixed schedule not PRN |
Roflumilast | May be added to what they're already on to help increase therapeutic effects |
Morphine | Classic triad (overdose) - pinpoint pupils + respiratory depression + coma. |
Meperidine | Interacts adversely with several psych drugs. Toxic metabolite (normeperidine) accumulation => tremors & seizures |
Laxatives | ADRs: Esophageal/GI obstruction, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, cramps diarrhea |
Loperamide | Most effective antidiarrheal agent. ADRs: constipation, paralytic ileus, urinary retention. Diagnose and treat problem before giving med for diarrhea |
Ondanseteron | Can cause cardiac issues (QT prolongation). Increased effects with dexamethasone |
Promethazine | Can cause extrapyramidal movements (involuntary movement that can be permanent). Caution in children at risk of respiratory depression |
Metoclopramide | Can cause extrapyramidal tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements of face and extremities). |
Cimetidine | Anti-androgenic effects (gynecomastia, impotence). Absorption slowed with meals or antacids |
Amphotericin B | Infusion reaction: chills, rigors, nausea. IV meperidine for rigors. Pre-treat with diphenhydramine + Tylenol. IV only. Contraindicated with NSAIDs & other nephrotoxins |
Fluconazole | Lower toxicity then ampho B. IV & PO (most common). Can ↑ levels of many other drugs |
Rifampin | Can cause discoloration of body fluids (red or orange urine). Contraindicated with isoniazid & pyrazinamide (hepatotoxicity) |
Pyrazinamide | Can cause hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia (↑ uric acids level) => gout, kidney stones. Also can cause GI disturbances |