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Pharm Exam 1 MOA
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Antihistamines - H1 antagonists | Block H1 receptors resulting in bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, and decreased vascular permeability |
Fulticasone | Decrease airway inflammation by suppressing target gene. Leads to decreased inflammatory mediators/edema/mucus production and increase airflow |
Oxymetazoline | Constrict nasal mucosal blood vessels, decrease edema, shrink nasal mucus membranes, decrease inflammation |
Pseudoephedrine | Constrict nasal mucosal blood vessels, decrease edema, shrink nasal mucus membranes, decrease inflammation |
Codeine | Suppress cough reflex at level of the cough control center |
Dextromethorphan | Suppress cough reflex at level of the cough control center |
Bronchodilators - B2 Agonists | Bind to B2-adrenergic receptors on bronchial smooth muscle cells to cause smooth muscle relaxation |
Ipratropium bromide | Bind to M3 muscarinic receptors on tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle and block acetylcholine from binding, ultimately decreasing smooth muscle contraction |
Roflumilast | Increase enzyme cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). |
Theophylline | Inhibits phosphodiesterase, leading to smooth muscle relaxation |
Montelukast | Suppress effects of leukotrienes, reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammatory response |
Omalizumab | Antagonism of IgE antibody |
Prednisone | Decrease: inflammatory mediators, infiltration and inflammatory cell activity, airway edema caused by B2 agonist |
Opioid Agonist | Activates Mu & Kappa receptors |
Opioid Agonist-Antagonist | Partial agonist at Mu, antagonist at Kappa |
Opioid Antagonist | Peripheral opioid receptor antagonist (Naloxone - competitive, methylnaltrexone - selective) |
Psyllium | Swells with water, forms gel, softens stool, increases mass |
Docusate sodium | Inhibit fluid absorption, ⬆ water and electrolytes in intestinal lumen. |
Biscodyl | Stimulate intestinal motility. ⬆ water and electrolytes in intestinal lumen |
Polyethylene Glycol | Non-absorbable, draws water into lumen fecal mass softens and swells lumen stretching stimulates peristalsis. |
Loperamide | Activate Mu opioid receptors in GI tract. ⬇ intestinal motility- slow transit time. Allow ⬆ fluid and salt absorption |
Ondansetron | Blocks serotonin receptors on vagal nerve. Increased effects with dexamethasone |
Metoclopramide | Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors in CTZ. Enhances acetylcholine action. Increases upper GI motility |
Aprepitant | Blocks substance P from acting at the neurokin-1 receptor |
Dronabinol | Related to marijuana, action is unclear |
Scopolamine | Muscarinic antagonist |
Antacids | Gastric alkalinizer (main), limit destruction of the gut wall, enhance mucosal production ( increase prostaglandins) |
Omeprazole | Suppresses gastric acid secretion- most effective |
Cimetidine | Inhibition of gastric acid secretion, stimulation of gastric mucus secretion & synthesis |
Sucralfate | Undergoes polymerization, resulting in viscid gel. Creates protective barrier on ulcers up to 6 hrs. |
Promethazine | Block dopamine2 receptors in CTZ |
Dimenhydrinate | Anticholinergics- block acetylcholine and histamine receptors |