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AP Psych Unit 3
Sensation and Perception
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Attention | the mind choosing from amongst various objects or trains of thought |
| Attention Blindness | when you don't notice something because you are paying attention to something else |
| Change Blindness | failure to notice changes in the environment |
| The Illusion of Attention | we think we are paying attention |
| Multi-tasking | doing several things at once -- myth, not possible |
| Top Down Attention | the voluntary allocation of attention to certain features, objects, or regions in space (choosing) |
| Bottom Up Attention | something grabbing your attention |
| Absolute Threshold | minimum stimulation needed to detect light, a sound, a pressure, taste, or odor 50% of the time. |
| Difference Threshold/Just Noticeable Difference | minimum difference between two stimuli that can be detected at least 50% of the time |
| Weber's Law | the difference between two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion, not necessarily a constant amount --the larger the original stimulus, the larger the just noticeable difference needs to be for it to be detected |
| Sensory Adaptation | a person's diminishing sensitivity to a sensory stimulus (stimulus persists, you get used to it) |
| Gestalt Laws of Organization | - proximity: things close to one another are grouped together - similarity: things alike are grouped - continuity: things that are unbroken - closure: complete things that are not complete - connectedness: linked or brought together |
| Depth Perception | ability to see things in 3D which helps us gauge distance |
| Monocular Cues | all the ways that a single eye helps you see and process what you're looking at (relative height/size, interposition, linear perspective, light & shadow, and relative motion |
| Binocular Cues | depth cues that require the use of two eyes - retinal disparity: the slight difference between the right and left retinal images - convergence: the ability to turn the two eyes inward toward each other to look at a close object |
| Phi Phenomenon | two lights flashing alternatively gives the perception one light moving back n forth |
| Shape Constancy | tendency to expect tings to retain their size - Moon Illusion: the moon looks huge, but straight above it looks small - Ponzo Illusion: two equal lines appear different lengths if paced between converging lines |
| Color Constancy | tendency to expect things to retain their color |
| Perceptual Constancy | qualities like size, shape, etc. remain the same even when its image cast on the retina changes |
| Perceptual Set | what we've seen and experienced |
| Types of Illusions | - muller lyer illusion - peripheral drift illusions - ponzo illusion - ames illusion |
Created by:
hannahblanco
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