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Hypotension
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Vital Signs Quiz
Health Science 20
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hypotension | Low Blood Pressure (<90/60): caused by pregnancy, dehydration, blood loss, allergies, infection, etc. |
| P.E.A. | Pulse electrical activity |
| Pyrogenic | Causes a fever |
| Tachycardia | Heart rate > 100 bpm |
| Arrhythmia | Irregular heart beat |
| AED | Automated External Defibrillator |
| Afebrile | Not Feverish |
| Asystole | Absence of heart beat, flat-line |
| Febrile | Body temperature one degree above normal |
| Shallow | (breathing), hard to see chest rise, small amount of air inhaled |
| Systolic | Blood pressure when heart is contracting/pumping blood (higher number) |
| Ventricular Fibrillation | disorganized contraction of heart ventricles (unable to fill up or release blood, AED is necessary0 |
| Apnea | Not breathing |
| Normal Sinus Rhythm | Normal heart beat |
| Hyperthermic | Body temperature >104 degrees F, 40 degrees C. Caused by fever, exercise, heat stroke, hormones, injury |
| Hyperventilation | Breathing faster than normal rate |
| Pyrexia | Fever |
| Hypoventilation | Breathing slower than normal rate |
| Hypertension | High blood pressure (>140/90): caused by salt intake, alcohol, obesity, lack of exercise |
| Auscultation | listening |
| Bounding | Fast, pounding heart beat, common after intense exercise |
| Palpation | touching or feeling |
| Bradychardia | Heart rate <60 bpm |
| Diastolic | Blood pressure when heart is relaxed/filling (lower number) |
| Electrocardiogram | checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart (vital sign taken at a hospital, not a first aid measurement). |
| Sphygmomanometer | blood pressure moniter cuff |
| Dyspea | Painful breathing |
| Hypothermic | Body temperature <95 degrees F, 35 degrees C. Caused by exposure to cold, too much alcohol, Addison's disease. |
| What are the four main vital signs? | Blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and respirations. |
| What are the four 'extra' vital signs? | 02 saturation, pain, consciousness, pulse electrical activity |
| Normal 02 Saturation | 95-100% |
| Normal Adult brpm | 12-20 (some textbooks say 12-24) |
| Normal Adult bpm | 72-80 bpm |
| Normal Adult Blood pressure | 120/80 (increases with age, normal is under 130) |
| Prehypertension blood pressure | Systolic: 121-139 mmHG Diastolic: 80-89 mmHG |
| Hypertension Stage 1 blood pressure | Systolic: 140-159 mmHG Diastolic: 90-99 mmHG |
| Hypertensions Stage 2 blood pressure | Systolic: >160 mmHG Diastolic: >100 mmHG |
| Factors affecting blood pressure | Age, exercise, stress, rage, gender, medications, obesity, diurnal variations, disease process |
| Symptoms of hypotension | drop in consciousness, increase heart rate and respiration rate, pale and sweaty skin |
| Temperature Measuring sites | Oral, Tympanic (behind ear), Rectal (invasive, 1 degree higher), Auxillary (armpit, 1 degree lower), Temporal |
| Heart Rate of newborns | 120-160 bpm |
| Heart Rate of 6 year olds to adolescent | 75-110 bpm |
| Pulse Locations | carotid (neck), Apex (chest), brachial (bicep), Radial (wrist), abdominal (stomach), femoral (pelvis), politeal (behind knee), posterior tibial (inside ankle), dorsalis pedis (on top of foot). |
| LOC | level of consciousness |
| Glasgow Coma Scale | used to examine level of consciousness by testing their responses to pain, their verbal signals, their eyes, and their motor signals. |
| Possible cause of hypertension | Blockages in the arteries: could lead to serious conditions like heart attacks or strokes |
| Why are alcoholics always hypothermic? | Alcoholic - damaged liver. 90% of our heat comes from our liver, so people with damaged livers are always cold. |
| 3 parts of a heart wave | P - activation of the atria QRS - activation of the ventricles T - recovery wave |
| What can an ECG do? | - detect arrhythmias - detect heart problems (heart attacks, damage, inflammation) - detect electrolyte imbalances and lung disease - monitor progression and recovery of a heart attack |
| Possible problems with a rapid and full pulse | internal bleeding (early stages), fear, heat stroke, overexertion, high blood pressure, fever |
| Possible problems with a rapid, thready pulse | shock, blood loss, heat exhaustion, diabetic coma, failing circulatory system |
| Possible problems with a slow, full pulse | stroke, skull fracture, brain injury |
| 4 ways to characterize respirations | - Rhythm (regular, irregular) - depth (shallow, deep) - sound (gurgling, gasping, birdlike, snoring) - ease (easy, labored) |
| Possible problems with rapid and shallow breathing | shock, heart problems, heat exhaustion, insulin shock, heart failure, pneumonia |
| Possible problems with deep, gasping, labored breathing | airway obstruction, heart failure, heart attack, lung disease, chest injury, lung damage from heat, diabetic coma |
| Possible problems with slow, snoring breathing | head injury, stroke, chest injury, drugs |
| Possible problems with crowing, gurgling breathing | airway obstruction, lung disease, lung injury due to heat |
| Possible problems with wheezing breathing | asthma, emphysema, airway obstruction, heart failure |
| Possible problems with coughing blood | chest wound, fracture rib, punctured lung, internal injuries |
| What RR is considered serious? | adult: over 28 1-5: over 44 5-12: over 36 |
| What are the 4 reactions to heat? | vasodilation, sweating, pilorelaxation, stretching out |
| What are the 4 reactions to cold? | vasoconstriction, shivering, piloerection, curling up |
| What is vasodilation? | Caused by heat: arterioles dilate (enlarge) so more blood enters skin capillaries and heat is lost |
| What is vasoconstriction? | Caused by the cold: arterioles get smaller to reduce blood going to skin, keeping core warm |
| What is pilorelaxation? | Caused by heat, this means body hairs flatten |
| What is piloerection? | Caused by the cold, this means hairs on skin stand up |
Created by:
mjp008