Health Science 20
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| Hypotension | Low Blood Pressure (<90/60): caused by pregnancy, dehydration, blood loss, allergies, infection, etc.
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| P.E.A. | Pulse electrical activity
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| Pyrogenic | Causes a fever
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| Tachycardia | Heart rate > 100 bpm
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| Arrhythmia | Irregular heart beat
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| AED | Automated External Defibrillator
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| Afebrile | Not Feverish
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| Asystole | Absence of heart beat, flat-line
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| Febrile | Body temperature one degree above normal
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| Shallow | (breathing), hard to see chest rise, small amount of air inhaled
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| Systolic | Blood pressure when heart is contracting/pumping blood (higher number)
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| Ventricular Fibrillation | disorganized contraction of heart ventricles (unable to fill up or release blood, AED is necessary0
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| Apnea | Not breathing
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm | Normal heart beat
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| Hyperthermic | Body temperature >104 degrees F, 40 degrees C. Caused by fever, exercise, heat stroke, hormones, injury
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| Hyperventilation | Breathing faster than normal rate
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| Pyrexia | Fever
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| Hypoventilation | Breathing slower than normal rate
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| Hypertension | High blood pressure (>140/90): caused by salt intake, alcohol, obesity, lack of exercise
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| Auscultation | listening
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| Bounding | Fast, pounding heart beat, common after intense exercise
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| Palpation | touching or feeling
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| Bradychardia | Heart rate <60 bpm
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| Diastolic | Blood pressure when heart is relaxed/filling (lower number)
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| Electrocardiogram | checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart (vital sign taken at a hospital, not a first aid measurement).
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| Sphygmomanometer | blood pressure moniter cuff
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| Dyspea | Painful breathing
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| Hypothermic | Body temperature <95 degrees F, 35 degrees C. Caused by exposure to cold, too much alcohol, Addison's disease.
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| What are the four main vital signs? | Blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and respirations.
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| What are the four 'extra' vital signs? | 02 saturation, pain, consciousness, pulse electrical activity
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| Normal 02 Saturation | 95-100%
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| Normal Adult brpm | 12-20 (some textbooks say 12-24)
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| Normal Adult bpm | 72-80 bpm
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| Normal Adult Blood pressure | 120/80 (increases with age, normal is under 130)
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| Prehypertension blood pressure | Systolic: 121-139 mmHG
Diastolic: 80-89 mmHG
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| Hypertension Stage 1 blood pressure | Systolic: 140-159 mmHG
Diastolic: 90-99 mmHG
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| Hypertensions Stage 2 blood pressure | Systolic: >160 mmHG
Diastolic: >100 mmHG
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| Factors affecting blood pressure | Age, exercise, stress, rage, gender, medications, obesity, diurnal variations, disease process
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| Symptoms of hypotension | drop in consciousness, increase heart rate and respiration rate, pale and sweaty skin
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| Temperature Measuring sites | Oral, Tympanic (behind ear), Rectal (invasive, 1 degree higher), Auxillary (armpit, 1 degree lower), Temporal
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| Heart Rate of newborns | 120-160 bpm
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| Heart Rate of 6 year olds to adolescent | 75-110 bpm
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| Pulse Locations | carotid (neck), Apex (chest), brachial (bicep), Radial (wrist), abdominal (stomach), femoral (pelvis), politeal (behind knee), posterior tibial (inside ankle), dorsalis pedis (on top of foot).
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| LOC | level of consciousness
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| Glasgow Coma Scale | used to examine level of consciousness by testing their responses to pain, their verbal signals, their eyes, and their motor signals.
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| Possible cause of hypertension | Blockages in the arteries: could lead to serious conditions like heart attacks or strokes
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| Why are alcoholics always hypothermic? | Alcoholic - damaged liver. 90% of our heat comes from our liver, so people with damaged livers are always cold.
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| 3 parts of a heart wave | P - activation of the atria
QRS - activation of the ventricles
T - recovery wave
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| What can an ECG do? | - detect arrhythmias
- detect heart problems (heart attacks, damage, inflammation)
- detect electrolyte imbalances and lung disease
- monitor progression and recovery of a heart attack
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| Possible problems with a rapid and full pulse | internal bleeding (early stages), fear, heat stroke, overexertion, high blood pressure, fever
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| Possible problems with a rapid, thready pulse | shock, blood loss, heat exhaustion, diabetic coma, failing circulatory system
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| Possible problems with a slow, full pulse | stroke, skull fracture, brain injury
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| 4 ways to characterize respirations | - Rhythm (regular, irregular)
- depth (shallow, deep)
- sound (gurgling, gasping, birdlike, snoring)
- ease (easy, labored)
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| Possible problems with rapid and shallow breathing | shock, heart problems, heat exhaustion, insulin shock, heart failure, pneumonia
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| Possible problems with deep, gasping, labored breathing | airway obstruction, heart failure, heart attack, lung disease, chest injury, lung damage from heat, diabetic coma
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| Possible problems with slow, snoring breathing | head injury, stroke, chest injury, drugs
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| Possible problems with crowing, gurgling breathing | airway obstruction, lung disease, lung injury due to heat
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| Possible problems with wheezing breathing | asthma, emphysema, airway obstruction, heart failure
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| Possible problems with coughing blood | chest wound, fracture rib, punctured lung, internal injuries
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| What RR is considered serious? | adult: over 28
1-5: over 44
5-12: over 36
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| What are the 4 reactions to heat? | vasodilation, sweating, pilorelaxation, stretching out
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| What are the 4 reactions to cold? | vasoconstriction, shivering, piloerection, curling up
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| What is vasodilation? | Caused by heat: arterioles dilate (enlarge) so more blood enters skin capillaries and heat is lost
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| What is vasoconstriction? | Caused by the cold: arterioles get smaller to reduce blood going to skin, keeping core warm
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| What is pilorelaxation? | Caused by heat, this means body hairs flatten
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| What is piloerection? | Caused by the cold, this means hairs on skin stand up
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