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chlosterol
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biochemistry
terms and definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DNA | An organic macromolecule that stores information about how to make proteins. |
| chlosterol | a fatlike substance in cells that is needed for many body processes e.g. bile, vitamin D |
| phospholipids | the molecules that form much of the cell membrane |
| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins |
| essential | _________ Amino acids are those that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eaten in foods e.g. eggs, poultry, fish, red meat, milk and cheese |
| complete | _______ proteins are those that contain all nine of the essential amino acids are known |
| incomplete | _______ proteins are those that lack one or more of the essential amino acids e.g. vegetable sources-"legumes" are peas, beans, lentils, peanuts "soy protein" |
| Nucleic Acid | An organic macromolecule that stores genetic information |
| Nucleotide | The building block that makes up nucleic acids like DNA |
| base | ______ pairs are the combinations of adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine are called the building blocks for DNA |
| Adenine | The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA |
| Thymine | The base that pairs with Adenine in DNA |
| Guanine | The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA |
| Cytosine | The base that pairs with Guanine in DNA |
| Uracil | a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine |
| Chromosome | A large molecule (chunk) of DNA |
| Gene | A specific section of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide |
| Homologous | An adjective that describes two chromosomes that have the exact same genes, but one comes from mom and one comes from dad |
| Complementary | An adjective used to describe two bases that always pair up together (e.g. A and T, C and G) |
| Base | A molecule that makes up the "rungs" of DNA's ladder: A, T, C or G |
| Double Helix | A shape like a twisted ladder |
| four | DNA is built using only ________ building blocks |
| mutations | A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, ultimately creating genetic diversity. |
| RNA | used to direct the production of proteins by the cell |
| Proteins | Amino acids are the building blocks of these |
| nucleic acids | organic molecules that carry genetic information in the cell (DNA and RNA) |
| polymers | large molecules made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions |
| metabolism | the process by which the body produces and uses energy from food |
| glucose | A simple sugar that is an important source of energy. |
| mitochondria | An organelle in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other foods in the presence of oxygen is known as celluar __________. |
| exothermic | Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat ...classing cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction |
| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work. |
| ADP | (Adenosine Diphosphate) The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy |
| monomer | A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
| enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
| lipoprotein | protein and fat clusters that transport fats in the blood |
| protein types | complete and incomplete |
| protein | Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.... made of monomers called amino acids |
| fibrous | ________ proteins form extended sheets or strands, making them tough, durable, and generally insoluble in water. e..g. hair, fingernails, toenails, animal hoofs, claws |
| globular | __________ proteins are compact, generally rounded, and soluble in water. e.g. enzymes |
| enzymes | specialized globular proteins... that speed up chemical reactions |
| lipids | used for stored energy and cell structure (fats, oils, cholesterol) |
| LDL | low density lipoprotein (un-healthy type of cholesterol) |
| HDL | high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol) |
| dna code | sequence of the nitrogen bases in DNA. Gives instruction to cell to build a protein. |
| Cromosomes | round short structures found in the nucleus during cell divison |
| polymerization | a process that forms macromolecules by joining smaller compounds together to form larger ones |
| disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. |
| monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. |
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