terms and definitions
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| DNA | An organic macromolecule that stores information about how to make proteins.
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| chlosterol | a fatlike substance in cells that is needed for many body processes e.g. bile, vitamin D
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| phospholipids | the molecules that form much of the cell membrane
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| amino acids | the building blocks of proteins
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| essential | _________ Amino acids are those that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be eaten in foods e.g. eggs, poultry, fish, red meat, milk and cheese
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| complete | _______ proteins are those that contain all nine of the essential amino acids are known
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| incomplete | _______ proteins are those that lack one or more of the essential amino acids e.g. vegetable sources-"legumes" are peas, beans, lentils, peanuts "soy protein"
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| Nucleic Acid | An organic macromolecule that stores genetic information
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| Nucleotide | The building block that makes up nucleic acids like DNA
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| base | ______ pairs are the combinations of adenine-thymine and cytosine-guanine are called the building blocks for DNA
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| Adenine | The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA
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| Thymine | The base that pairs with Adenine in DNA
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| Guanine | The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA
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| Cytosine | The base that pairs with Guanine in DNA
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| Uracil | a nitrogen-containing base found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine
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| Chromosome | A large molecule (chunk) of DNA
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| Gene | A specific section of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide
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| Homologous | An adjective that describes two chromosomes that have the exact same genes, but one comes from mom and one comes from dad
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| Complementary | An adjective used to describe two bases that always pair up together (e.g. A and T, C and G)
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| Base | A molecule that makes up the "rungs" of DNA's ladder: A, T, C or G
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| Double Helix | A shape like a twisted ladder
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| four | DNA is built using only ________ building blocks
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| mutations | A change in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's DNA, ultimately creating genetic diversity.
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| RNA | used to direct the production of proteins by the cell
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| Proteins | Amino acids are the building blocks of these
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| nucleic acids | organic molecules that carry genetic information in the cell (DNA and RNA)
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| polymers | large molecules made of many small units joined to each other through organic reactions
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| metabolism | the process by which the body produces and uses energy from food
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| glucose | A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.
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| mitochondria | An organelle in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
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| respiration | process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other foods in the presence of oxygen is known as celluar __________.
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| exothermic | Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat ...classing cellular respiration as an exothermic reaction
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| ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work.
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| ADP | (Adenosine Diphosphate) The compound that remains when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, releasing energy
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| monomer | A molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
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| enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing
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| lipoprotein | protein and fat clusters that transport fats in the blood
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| protein types | complete and incomplete
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| protein | Large organic molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.... made of monomers called amino acids
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| fibrous | ________ proteins form extended sheets or strands, making them tough, durable, and generally insoluble in water. e..g. hair, fingernails, toenails, animal hoofs, claws
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| globular | __________ proteins are compact, generally rounded, and soluble in water. e.g. enzymes
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| enzymes | specialized globular proteins... that speed up chemical reactions
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| lipids | used for stored energy and cell structure (fats, oils, cholesterol)
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| LDL | low density lipoprotein (un-healthy type of cholesterol)
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| HDL | high density lipoproteins (healthy type of cholesterol)
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| dna code | sequence of the nitrogen bases in DNA. Gives instruction to cell to build a protein.
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| Cromosomes | round short structures found in the nucleus during cell divison
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| polymerization | a process that forms macromolecules by joining smaller compounds together to form larger ones
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| disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.
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| monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.
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