Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 3
CogPsych Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Transliminal: | Areas above basic conscious |
| Subliminal: | Areas below basic conscious |
| Meta Awareness Model: | Meta-Awareness --> Basic Conscious --> Subconscious |
| Meta-Awareness: | Only occurs intermittently, consists of notiving lapses in conscious, part of natral introspection |
| When does the conscious experience occur? | All of our waking hours throughout the entire lifespan |
| Unconscious Tacit Monitoring of Cognitions: | Occur continuously; A method of non-conscious monitoring, monitors actions and keeps things going |
| Tacit Monitoring Example: | Eye movement while reading; our brains don't tell us "read the next word", we simply move on to create a more cohesive picture for our brain (understanding the sentence) |
| William James Attention Theory: | We get the general "GIST" of things because we lack the capacity to always concentrate 100% on one mental process/activity |
| Divided Attention: (limiting) | When we try to focus our attention on several different things at once (multi-tasking); Switching BACK & FORTH |
| Issue w/ Multi-Tasking: | There's a tiny gap when swithching between activities in which we have to refocus; gap CANNOT be closer |
| Selective Attention: (helpful) | Focusing on certain info out of a large group of related things (NOT multi-tasking/switching back & forth) |
| Dichotic Listening: | Switching between ears (channels) to listen to information |
| Shadowing: | Monitoring only one channel |
| Study results on Dichotic Listening: | Complex details MISSED, simple things (tone, gender, volume) RETAINED |
| Automaticity: | Developing habits so the brain doesn't have to expend as many resources to get simple tasks done |
| Stroop Effect: | The brain fighting automaticity: image with colored letters spell out a different color |
| Implications of the Stroop Effect: | Highly attentionally demanding; people more likely to respond accurately when they prefer a certain color |
| Stroop Effect used in Studies: | Because it wears down people's mental resources, it can be given to participants of a study before conducting the actual study |
| Cocktail Party Effect: | *Exception to dichotic listening; we're more inclined to hear our names in an unattended channel BECAUE... our name is technically a complex idea |
| Selective Attention Visual Search | It's easier to find things in a visual search that aren't crowded with other objects; furthermore easier to find something in a crowded group that doesn't have other similar things in the group |
| Visual Search Example: | Images with X's and O's in a crowded environment vs. not AND "search for X" in a population of many X's vs. not |
| Theories of Attention Bottleneck | Our attention goes through a filter from one open end to another open end; filter is like the enck of a bottle |
| Theories of Attention Broadbent Filter AKA... | "Filter Theory of Attention" |
| Broadbent Filter: | Our mind can only get in a small amount of info due to the 'bottleneck'; Our mind "SELECTS" the most important info to get through |
| Broadbent Filter Findings: | Selective filter to see what's absorbed into the short-term memory and what isn't -- filters out everything but the meaning of the attended channel |
| Broadbent Filter Criticism: | Cocktail Party Effect |
| Theories of Attention Treisman's Filter | Our brain "turns down" volume of unattended channel |
| Theories of Attention Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection | All incoming stimuli is processed, but soon forgotten (in one channel) |
| Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Findings: | Proof that all stimuli is processed & enters the mind but it's not all stored unless it has meaning |
| Deutsch & Deutsch Late Selection Experiment: | Taxi/Circus --> FARE/FAIR Remembering key: Deutsch & Deutsch = Fare & Fair |
| Theories of Attention Perceptual Load Theory | The amount of attention we can give to something is dependent on how perceptually demanding it is |
| Perceptual Load Theory Findings | High perceptual load = early selection of what to retain, Low perceptual load = late selection of info, more of a buffer to be selective |
| Theories of Attention Feature Integration | Distributed & selective attention DO NOT operate in isolation, rather there's a continuum |
| Feature Integration: | The selective attention filters out things to create more space for the distributed attention |
| Human Limitations of Feature Integration ILLUSORY CONJUNCTION | Incorrect synchronization of information, information doesn't integrate properly & info is retained less accurately |
| Human Limitations of Feature Integration BINDING PROBLEM | Failure to recognize that the organization of individual features make up a whole (reverse Gestalt) |
| Binding Problem Example: | Potato Head toy arranged incorrectly |
| Thought suppression: | CONSCIOUSLY attempting to stop the mind from tinking about something specific |
| Thought suppression leads to... | The Rebound Effect |
| Rebound Effect: (Ironic Effect) | When you stop suppressing thoughts, there's an influx of thinking about the suppressed thought |
| Meta-Conscious Qualities: | Always retrospective, limited, verbal symbolic ("gist"), cannot be completely "in the moment" |
| Mind Wandering | Thoughts not produced by the current task |
| Self Caught vs. Probe Mind Wandering Task Assigned? | Read War & Piece; check whether or not they're mind wandering while reading passages; askied vs. self-caught mind wandering reported |
| Frequency of mind wandering predictive of... | Reading comprehension |
| Self-Caught vs. Probe Mind Wandering Findings | Higher scoring on final assessment when self-caught instead of probed; self-caught provided more opportunity for internal correction |
| Disambiguation from Unattended Ear | Fare vs. Fair |
| ALCOHOL Self-Caught vs. Probe Mind Wandering Findings | Probe: Doubled frequency pf probe-caught Self-Caught: Reduced self-caught mind wandering |
| ALCOHOL Self-Caught vs. Probe Mind Wandering Inferences | Supports idea that measures of this study are differentially sensitive to meta-awareness |
| How does the Self-Caught v. Probe exhibit the dangers of alcohol? | Shows INCREASE in likelihood of ahving a lapse in awareness, DECREASE in likelihood of noticing if you have a lapse |
| Cure for Mind Wandering? | MEDITATION!!! |
| Meditation: | Catching yourself mind wandering and re-centering your focus; helpful because it trains redirection automaticity |
| Mindfulness and Mind Wandering Study | Undergraduates assigned to eithr a two week mindfulness or nutrition class |
| Mindfulness Study Findings | Meditation helps notice mind wandering & reduces it resulting in improved performance on cognitive tasks |
| Temporal Dissociation | When meta-awareness occurs after not being meta-aware of internal conditions |
| Translation Dissociation: | Misrepresentations of an experience (Shouting "I'm not angry" |
| Sources of Translation Dissocation: | (1) Ambiguity (subtle experiences make cues easy to miss), (2) Motivation (People may be disinclined to accurately assess their mental states), (3) Non-Verbalizability |
| Non-Verbalizability: | Many experiences are represented in a fundamentally non-verbalizable form which makes communication difficult |
| Repressors: | People may exhibit physiological symptoms of being nervous but won't self-report on it |
| What causes translation dissociation for emotions? | Analyzing reasons may cause people to temporarily "lose touch" with their feelings |
| Strawberry Jams Experiment | Two groups asked to rate strawberry jams; Group 1 just stated their rating whereas Group 2 were asked to analyze why they rated it that way |
| Strawberry Jams: Who was closer to professionals ratings? | Group 1 -- Just rate it without analysis |
| Verbalization... | Can limit perceptual experience and create a mental set |
| Consciousness "Fridge Light" Analogy | It always seems like it's on because we can't see when it's off |
| Does our consciousness always provide us with a complete representation of perception? | NO! Chicken bits |
| Do we always know what's going on in our minds? | NO! Mind wandering while reading |
| Blindsight | Brain Lesion: Visual cortex damage --> VISION WITHOUT AWARENESS |
| Orienting Attention Network | System responsible for VISUAL SEARCH & reorienting attention |
| Unilateral Spatial Neglect | Condition that affects the function of the orienting attention network due to brain damage -- neglect a spatial region in your field of view |
| Executive Attention Network | System responsible for when attention is focused on conflict resolution; INHIBITS automaticity to overcome mental sets and solve the problem |
| Box 3.1 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan Methodology | Researchers measure blood flow in the brain by injecting a low dose of radioactive chemical that's detectable by the machine |
| Box 3.1 PET scan Photo Comparison | Tracking the movement of blood in the brain can be converted into an image that gets compared to others to isolate brain function during specific tasks |
| Box 3.1 PET scan Compared to fMRI | Usually more expensive than fMRI -- fMRI more common in Cognitive Neuroscience |
Created by:
tylladurdiev
Popular Psychology sets