Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A&P Ch13
Central Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 2 protective coverings of brain and spinal cord | outer-consist of bone-cranial encases the brain, vertebea encase the spinal cordinner-membranes known as meninges |
| Meninges | inner covering of the brain; has 3 distinct layers: Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| Dura mater | stong white fibrous tissue, outer later of meninges and inner periosteum of cranial bone |
| Extensions of the dura mater | falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, tentorium cerebelli |
| Falx cerebri | partition between the 2 cerbral hemispheres |
| Falx cerebelli | separates the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum |
| Tentorium cerebelli | separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum |
| Arachnoid mater | delicate, cobwebby layer between the dura mater and pia mater |
| Pia mater | innermost layer of meninges, transport layer, adheres to the outer surface of the brain and spinal cord, contains blood vessels |
| Spaces between and around the the meninges | epidural space, subdural space, subarachnoid space |
| Epidural space | located between the dura mater adn inside the bony covering of the spinal cord; contains a supporting cushion of fat and other connective tissues |
| Subdural space | located between the dura mater and arachnoid mater; contains lubricating serous fluid |
| Subarachnoid space | located between the arachnoid and pia mater; contains a significant amoung of cerebrospinal fluid |
| filum terminale | slender filament formed by the pia mater that blends with the dura mater and then the periosteum of teh coccyx |
| Functions of the cerbrospinal fluid | provides a supportive, protective cushionreservior of circulating fluid, which is monitored by the brain to detect changes in the internal environment |
| Where are the cerbrospinal fluid spaces found | subarachnoid space around the brain adn spinal cord within the cavities and canals of the brain and spinal cord |
| Ventricles | 4 fluid-filled spaces within the brain1-2:lateral, one located on each hemisphere3: thin, vertical pocket of fluid below and medial to the lateral ventricles4: tiny, diamond-shaped space where cerebellum attaches to the back of brainstem |
| Formation and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid | occurs by separation of fluid from blood in the choroid plexuses |
| Choroid plexuses | networks of capillaries that project from the pia mater into the lateral ventricles and into the roofs of the 3rd & 4th ventricles |
| Amount of CSF in average adult | 140ml |
| Structure of the spinal cord | lies within the spinal cavity and extends form the foramen magnum to the lower border of the 1st lumbar vert, oval cylinder that tapers downward, 2 bulges, anterior median fissure and posterior median sulcus are 2 deep grooves |
| Anterior median fissure | deeper and wider of the two grooves |
| Nerve roots | two bundles of nerve fibers project from each side of the spinal cord: dorsal nerve root and ventral nerve root |
| Fibers of dorsal nerve root | carry sensory information into the spinal canal |
| Fibers of ventral nerve root | carry motor information out of the spinal cord |
| Spinal nerve | single mixed nerve on each side of spinal cord where the dorsal and ventral roots join together |
| Cauda equina | bundle of nerve roots extending form the conus medullaris |
| Gray matter | structure of spinal cordcolumns extend the length of the cord; consist predominantly of cell bodies of interneurons and motor neurons; in transverse section looks like an H |
| White matter | structure of spinal cordsurrounds the gray matter and is subdivided in each half of cord into 3 funiculi |
| Funiculi | anterior, posterior, and lateral white columnsconsist of a large bundle of nerve fibers divided into smaller bundles called spinal tracts |
| Spinal tracts | white columns of the spinal cord that provide consuction paths to and from the brainascending tracts carry information to the brain; descending tracts conduct impulses from the brain |
| Functions of the spinal cord | provide conduction routes to and from the brain |
| Structures of the brain that make up the brainstem | medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain; extends inferiorly from diencephalon to foramen magnum where it meets the spinal cord |
| Location of Medulla Oblongata | attaches to the spinal cord, located just above the foramen magnum, composed of white matter and a network of gray and white matter called the reticular formation network |
| pyramids | two bulges of white matter located on ventral surface of medulla |
| olive | oval projection located lateral to the pyramids on the medulla |
| Location of Pons | located above medulla and below the midbrain; composed of white and reticular matter |
| Location of Midbrain | forms the midsection of the brain, loacted above the pons adn below the cerebrum |
| Cerebral peduncles | roplelike masses of white matter that extend divergently through the midbrain, tracts within conduct impulses between the midbrain and the cerebrum |
| Functions of the brainstem | performs sensory, motor, and reflex functions |
| Spinothalamic tracts | important sensory tracts that pass through the brainstem |
| Funtion of Pons | contains reflex mediated by 5h-8th cranial nerves and pneumotaxic centers that help regulate respiration |
| Function of midbrain | integration of numerous cranial nerve reflexes, such as eye movement and ear reflexes |
| Structure of cerebellum | roughly spherical structures attached at the posterior of the brainstem; wrinkled gray matter cortex, branched network of white fibers inside, and several small gray nuclei |
| sulci | grooves on the surface of the cerebellum and cerebrum |
| gyri | raised areas on the surface of the cerecullum and cerbrum |
| Dentate nuclei | important pair of cerebellar nuclei; nuclei connected with thalamus and with motor areas of the cerebral cortex by tracts; by means of tracts cerebellar impulses influence the motor cortex and the motor cortex influences the cerebellum |
| Functions of cerebellum | coordinates many functions of cerebrum, including planning and control of skilled movements, posture, balance, coordination of sensory information relating to body position and movement |
Created by:
smweckler
Popular Radiology sets