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Radiology test
radiology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Angiography | blood vessels |
| Upper GI ( Barium swallow) | esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small intestines, for sisease ( ulcers, tumors hiatal hernia , esophagus varices ) |
| Lower GI - Enema "( Barium Enema )" | study colon for dieases ( polyps, tumors, lesions ) |
| Cholecystography | study of gall bladder for disease ( stones, duct obstrcution , inflammation) |
| Cholangiography | to view > Bile ducts for possible caculi or lesions |
| Cystography | Urinary bladder for lesions, calculi |
| Hysterosalpingography | to view Uterus / Fallopian tubes for possibe leakage and blockage, pelvic masses. |
| IVP ( Intravenous pyelography )u | Views Kidneys , uterers, Bladder, to detect kidney stones ,lesions, strictures of the U-tract |
| Mammography | detect abnormalties in the breast especially breast cancer |
| Retrograde Pyelography | View kidney / U-tract for abnormalties |
| AP (anteroposterior View ) | Front > Back |
| PA ( posteroanterior View ) | Back > Front |
| LA ( lateral View ) | pases thru bady from one side to opposite side |
| RL ( Right lateral ) | (Right side of body next to film ---xray beam >> thru left to right ) |
| LL ( Left lateral ) | (Left side of body next to film ---xray beam >> thru right to left ) |
| Oblique View | body at angle |
| Supine | lying face up (on back ) |
| Prone | lying face down ( on abs) |
| Fluoroscope | use of fluoroscent screen that shows images of objects insreted between tube an screen |
| Transducer | sound waves are emitted from its head during ultrasound |
| MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging , non-invasive procedure where patient lies inside a cylinder -shaped machine in which there is an electromagnet. |
| CT | computerized tomography , a non-invasive procedure that uses a smal amount of radiation and beams that produces a series of cross sectional images |
| PET | Positron emission tomography, a radiographic procedure using a computer and radioactive substance |
| Radiopaque | xrays do not penetrate easily (ie: lead ) , opaque = obscure |
| Radiolucent | x- ray " passes -thru " lucent = means to to shine |
| "plain films" = | Flat plates |
| Non-invasive | not entering the human body , not cutting |
| Dosimeter | Small badge -like device worn to measure the amount of xray exposure |
| non-invasive | not entering the body |
| radiolucent | xrays penetrtate easily in (clear ) |
| tube | is the part of x-ray machine that produces x-rays |
| why is exposure to x-ray dangerous ? | radiation can --- destroy tissue, harmful to developing embryos, can damage eyes, and bone marrow, and skin |
| if x-ray does not penetrate a structure easily, is termed ? | radiopaque |
| what test is performed in order to to study colon for disease ? | barium enema |
| diagnostic imaging : | is non-invasive procedure |
| which radiologic procedures does not require a contrast medium ? | mamogram , does not require a contrast medium |
| ture or false ? contrast mediums are radiopaque and help to obtain a radiogrpahic image of internal organ or structure that ordinarily would be difficultto see because the contrast media causes the organs or structures to absorb more radiation ? | true |
| A cholecystogram requires what kind of contrast medium ? | oral tablets , patient takes dye tablets with 8 oz of water |
| cholangiogram will examine ? | bile ducts, viwing bile ducts for possible lesions or calculi.. patient will have a cleaning enema one hour before exam. meal preceding an enema is withheld. contrast is injected and radiograph of bile ducts is taken |
| in which of the following does the Posterior aspect of the body face the x-ray tube and the anterior face the film ? | posteroanterior |
| the radiologic procedure of choice for the brain imaging is ? | MRI, high quality , no inoizing radiation is used, and is safe, non-invasive, and painless. All body areas can be viewed by the MRI, but it is especially helpful for soft tissues. it is very good for spine, pelvis, joints and BRAIN. |
| describe the 4 types of contrast mediums ? | BS-IC-AIR-CDiox Barium sulfate, Iodine compounds, Air, Carbon-Dioxide. |
| Barium sulfate | chalky when mixed w/ water can be swallowed or enema |
| Barium --upper gi | barium flavored drink mix while standing in front of fluorscope. |
| Barium --lower gi | barium enema, Colon is filled with bariuim sulfate mix. the patient is turne din various positions to allow barium to fill the colon. once the colon is full, the x-ray is taken |
| Ask patient if has allergy to iodine , iodine salts ? | if patient does not remember if allergic to iodine , or iodine salts ? then ask if has allergies to fish or shell fish ? |
| Allergy to iodine, iodine salts, ---foods ( shellfish ) or fish ? | because iodine in water is red seas, or red-tide sickness from fish......patient may not know if allergic to iodine , but may know if they get sick when they eat fish or shellfish |
| X-rays were discovered by Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen in what year ? | 1895 |
| Roentgen noticed that the x-rays were able to pass through human skin, paper and wood and other solid materials, true or false ? | true |
| roentgen did not know what to call xrays so he called them | "X" rays |
| Radiographs are also know as X-rays, true or false ? | true |
| x-rays are a valuable diagnostic tool used to visualize what ? | internal organs and structures when searching for Disease and Disorders |
| X-rays are also a vaulable tool for Therapeutic tools because they can be used to treat cancer-ous neplasms, true or false ? | true |
| Radiology uses Xrays --- radioactive subtances ---- ultraviolet rays , True or false ? | true |
| The 3 types fo specilaties in which radiology can be classified? | Diagnostic radiology ---Radiation therapy --- and Nuclear medicine |
| Xrays for fractured bones ---do not require prepping? true or false ? | true |
| 3 main parts of x-ray machines ? | Tube --- Table --- Control panel |
| Exposure to radiation can destroy tissue or permanently damage what ? | eyes --- bone marrow ---- and skin . Also harmful to embryo and fetus--casuing severe anomalies or death. |
| personel who work with xrays wear a radiation ID badge called ? | Dosimeter ? |
| A Dosimter is a film strip that measures amount of x-ray a person is exposed to , true or false ? | true |
| the dosimeter film is read on a regaulr basis and radiation exposure is reported to a supervisor. true or false ? | true |
| ROENTGEN , measures ? | radiation in the air, --all around us --everywhere. |
| RAD, measures ? | absorbed energy from radiation |
| REM, measures ? | biological damage from radiation |
| pregnant women and her fetus are receiving radiation dose all the time, from natural sources | pregnant women and her fetus are receiving radiation dose all the time, from natural sources |
| a conservative limit is placed on pregnant workers, to keep the dose to a fetus less than 500 mrem and keep the dose uniform through out the pregnancy. | a conservative limit is placed on pregnant workers, to keep the dose to a fetus less than 500 mrem and keep the dose uniform through out the pregnancy. |
| the fetus has very little risk from the radiation, if kept less than 500 mrem--and kept that low throught pregnancy | the fetus has very little risk from the radiation., if kept less than 500 mrem--and kept that low throught pregnancy |
| patient must wear ? | lead aprons over reproductive organs |
| technicians must wear ? | lead aprons and lead gloves if assisting---but shields are not nescessary when standing behind the lead wall working the control panel. walls are lead -lined to absorb scattering -xrays. |
| Fluroscopy | --used to view cardiac,stomach, intestinal structures |
| Ultrasound (high frequency sound waves) | A conducting paste is applied to your abdomen while you are lying down. The transducer (a hand-held instrument) is then moved over your abdomen. |
| PET | positron emisson tomography , with radiopharmaceuticals |
| radiopharmaceuticals | emit positrons. radiopharmaceuticals are chemically designed to go to the --Cardiac, Brain, and certain tumors |
| CT | Computerized tomograph |
| CT, use small amount of radiation | allows what can be seen , normally not seen by x-rays |
| CT | uses computer w/ minimum radiation |
| CT rotates 360 degrees, early detection of tumors | CT rotates 360 degrees, early detection of tumors |
| CT look for | childhood cancers, ab- tumors, tissue tumors |
| CT contrast is injected in 15-20 mins body can be viewed | CT contrast is injected in 15-20 mins body can be viewed |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MRI, "no" ionizing radiation is used. | all bdy areas are viwed , especially ----Brain, spine, pelvis, joints---soft tissue |
| drawbacks to MRI | not as useful as X-ray or CT scan for fractured bones, can not be used on patients with pace-makers, or other metal clips left in place on internal structures or organs. |
| MRI take 45 minutes | MRI take 45 minutes |
| CT scans take 15-20 minutes | CT scans take 15-20 minutes |
| Ultrasound take 15-45 minutes | Ultrasound take 15-45 minutes |
| PET, You can expect to be in the PET center from 2 - 3 hours. patient can be in the PET -- 1 hour | PET, You can expect to be in the PET center from 2 - 3 hours. patient can be in the PET -- 1 hour |
| Radiation Therapy , treats tumors--which are unable to be removed. | Radiation Therapy , treats tumors--which are unable to be removed. |
| palliative = | when used to treat inaccessible or inoperable tumors, the treatment is called palliative |
| palliative treatment can be either external with direct radiation aimed through the surface of the skin to an area with in the body or internal using "seeds". | palliative treatment can be either external with direct radiation aimed through the surface of the skin to an area with in the body or internal using "seeds". |
| Radionuclides = are compunds that travel to a particular organ, once there , it creates image of that area. | Radionuclides = are compunds that travel to a particular organ, once there , it creates image of that area. |
| what does a radiologist do ? | diagnosis specialty using ultrasound---MRI---CT Scans |
| what is true about radiopaque substance ? | absorbs most of the xray it is exposed to |
| Test used to describe an Xray test that shows an organ in depth ? | Tomography |
| What best describes a CT scan ? | using ionizng xrays and computer to produce a transverse image of the body organs |
| What best describes MRI ? | Saggittal , frontal , and cross sectional images are produced using magnetic and radio waves |
| What is the subtance that gives off high energy particles or rays ? | radioisotope |
| computer tomography -- | CT/ scross section image of a specific body segment is produced |
| Contrast studies --- | materials injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue |
| ionization === | trasnformation of electrically neutral substances ion diagnosis |
| labeled compound | radiopharmaceuticals |
| magnetic resonance | MR/ magnetic field to form sagittal , coronal and axis images |
| Positron emssion tomography | PET/ radioactive substances given IV and emit positrons |
| Radiolucent | permitting passage of most xrays |
| Radiopaque | obstructing passage of xrays |
| Roentgenology | study of xrays |
| CHEST | PA - LL - RL |
| HEEL | LA |
| SCAPULA | AP - PO |
| ANKLES | AP - LA - OB |
| TOES | AP - OB |
| FOOT | LA - OB |
| SHOULDER | AP |
| CLAVICLE | AP |
| FOREARM | AP - LA |
| HUMERUS | AP - LA |
| LOWER LEG | AP - LA |
| KNEE | AP - LA |
| FEMUR | AP - LA |
| FINGERS | PA - LA - OB |
| THUMBS | PA - LA - OB |
| HANDS | PA - LA - OB |
| WRISTS | PA - LA - OB |
| ULTRASOUND--- | high frequency sound waves excho off parts of the body |
| transducer is used in what procedure ? | Ultrasound |
| oscilloscope | shows a visual pattwrn or picture from echoes--during ultrasoundd |
Created by:
TONYMILLER
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