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What does the juvenile justice system focus on?
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During colonial times, at what age could children be banished, sentenced to death, etc.?
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Chapter 13

Juvenile Justice System

QuestionAnswer
What does the juvenile justice system focus on? rehabilitation
During colonial times, at what age could children be banished, sentenced to death, etc.? age 7
houses of refuge intended to assist with reform movement in 1825; state-run until 1899. Largely failed.
Patria postestas father's right to use harsh punishment and discipline on their children
child savers first "social workers"; pushed for a different system and modified treatment of children
What case led to the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to children being founded? the case of Mary Ellen Wilson
When and where were juvenile courts first established? 1899; Chicago
By what year did all states implement some form of separate juvenile court system? 1950
Parens patriae doctrine that gives the state the power to act as a child's parent or in the child's best interest?
What is a child offender called? delinquent
Kent v. United States Supreme Court ruled that delinquents had the right to a hearing before transfer to adult court
In re Gault Supreme Court ruled that delinquents are entitled to due process protection
In re Winship Supreme Court ruled that standard of evidence for delinquents must be beyond reasonable doubt
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania Supreme Court ruled that a jury of peers for a delinquent (other minors) would create an adversarial atmosphere
Roper v. Simmons Supreme court ruled execution of a minor as a violation of the 8th amendment
What is the youngest age a juvenile can be arrested in PA? 10
At what age can you seek or deny medical treatment or counseling in PA? 14
At what age can you consent to sexual activity? 16
At what age do you go to the adult criminal system? 18
At what age must you be released from a juvenile facility? 21
Graham v. Florida Supreme Court ruled that delinquents who have not committed murder cannot be sentenced to life without parole
Miller v. Alabama Supreme Court ruled that even for murder, life without parole violated 8th amendment
Montgomery v. Louisiana Supreme Court ruled that all inmates sentenced as juveniles must be retroactively resentenced
juvenile delinquency refers to juvenile offenders who engage in illegal acts
status offenses acts illegal only for juveniles
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 designed to prevent delinquency and improve juvenile justice system
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established to support community efforts to provide treatment and rehabilitation programs
superpredators term coined in the 1990s referring to violent juveniles
What are some special rules for initial contact with juvenile delinquents? detention can last no longer than 6 hours, no interviews without parental consent, no secure holding
School Resource Officer officer employed by a local agency and assigned to a school
delinquent child child who violates criminal law
undisciplined child child beyond parental control as shown by refusal to obey legitimate authorities
dependent child child with no parents or guardians OR a child without proper parental care and control necessary for their safety and well-being
neglected child child who does not receive proper care from parents
abused child child who is physically, emotionally, or sexually abused
status offender a child who violates laws specifically written for children
consent decree plea bargain
diversion a decision to keep juveniles out of courtroom by assigning them to a community-based program, drug and alcohol treatment, mental health treatment, informal probation
intake booking
detention hearing preliminary hearing; must be within three days
adjudication must happen in ten days if child is kept in detention. found delinquent or not
adjudicated delinquent guilty
disposition hearing judge decides if child will continue to be delinquent or not. if kept in detention, the longest amount of time before disposition is 20 days (equivalent to sentencing)
What is the maximum number of days a juvenile can be held? 33 days
aftercare parole
judicial waivers judge decides whether child goes to adult court or juvenile court
direct files district attorney goes to juvenile court judge saying child should go to adult court
automatic waivers child automatically goes to adult court (must be 15+ and have committed a crime with a weapon
reverse transfers adult court judge sends child back to juvenile court
consequences of juvenile waivers harsher punishment, greater risk of victimization in adult prison, often placed in solitary for safety, does not have a deterrent ffect
Created by: nbeck119
 

 



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