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paper 1:

psychology: paper 1: memory: introduction:

QuestionAnswer
1. what is the capacity of STM according to Jacobs (1887)? 9.3 items and 7.3 letters by giving random numbers to recall in the same order
2. what is the capacity of STM according to Miller (1956) and how did they find this? 7 +/- 2 items using detailed analysis of findings over several studies
3. when did Jacobs conduct his research? 1887
4. when did Miller conduct his research? 1956
5. what is the duration of STM? 18-30 seconds
6. who found the duration of STM? Peterson and Peterson (1959)
7. how was the duration of STM found? Peterson and Peterson gave a trigram (3 random letters in a triangle) and asked to recall after 3,6,9 seconds to prevent rehearsal
8. how is STM encoded according to Baddley (1966) acoustically
9. when did Peterson and Peterson conduct their study? 1959
10. when did Baddley conduct his research? 1966
11. what is the capacity of LTM? limitless
12. who conducted research on the duration of LTM? Bahrick et al (1975)
13. when did Bahrick et al conduct his study? 1975
14., what was the research on the duration of LTM? 400 participants asked questions about people they went to highschool with finding after 15 years photo = 90% no photo = 60% and after 48 years photo = 70% and no photo = 30%
15. after 15 years using a picture how many people recalled who they went to highschool with? 90%
16. after 15 years without a picture how many people recalled who they went to highschool with? 60%
17. after 48 years with a picture how many people recalled who they went to highschool with? 70%
18. after 48 years without a picture how many people recalled who they went to highschool with? 30%
19. how is LTM encoded according to Baddley (1996) semantically
20. what was Baddley's (1966) research? lab experiment recalling 1) acoustically same semantically different 2) acoustically different semantically same words
21. how are there individual differences in the capacity of memory? recall increases with age where 8 year olds remember 6.6 digits but 19 year olds recall 8.6 digits
22. how is the capacity of short term memory overestimated? Cowan (2001) concluded STM is only 4 chunks eg phone number
23. methodological weakness of research into duration of memory? artificial therefore meaningless
24. what is a strength of Bahrick's et al duration of memory research? high external validity as real life meaning and memories according to Shepard (1967)
25. what is a strength of Baddley's encoding of memory research? standardised procedure
26. what is a weakness of Baddley's encoding of memory research? there is crossing over where Nelson 1972 found acoustic encoded memory in LTM
Created by: chachink
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