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Hölzel details
Cambridge International Hölzel details
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is mindfulness? | The ability to pay attention to current experience, without judgement |
| What is gray matter? | Darker tissue of the brain, consisting mostly of cell bodies and dendrites |
| What is localisation of function in the brain? | The attempt to identify the areas of the brain that are responsible for specific tasks and activities |
| What benefits of mindfulness were discovered prior to the study? | It can lower blood pressure, treat depression and anxiety |
| List the key parts of the brain examined in this study | Hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, temporo-parietal junction, cerebellum and cerebellar vermis |
| What is the aim of this study? | To see if mindfulness meditation can improve scores of mindfulness and increase gray matter concentration in specific brain areas |
| Why is this study a longitudinal study? | Because researchers were testing the effects of mindfulness over time |
| What does GMC stand for in this study? | Gray matter concentration |
| How did researchers measure GMC in the target brain areas? | Using an MRI and voxel-based morphometry |
| Describe Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) | 8-week course, with one 2.5hr session per week plus one full-day session during week 6. They are taught three elements |
| What does FFMQ stand for? | Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire |
| Describe the FFMQ, including all five elements | It is a 39-item questionnaire, measuring five elements, including observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging of inner experience, nonreactivity to inner experience |
| What similarities were there between participants in each condition? | Similar mean age (38 and 39); similar ethnicities |
| What type of data was gathered in this study? Justify your answer | Quantitative. Both the MRI and the FFMQ produced numerical data for analysis |
| MBSR element 1: Describe the 'body scan' element | Attention is guided through the entire body, observing with nonjudgmental awareness the sensations in each region and ending with an awareness of the body “as a complete whole”. |
| MBSR element 2: Describe the 'mindful yoga' element | Gentle stretching exercises and slow movements that are often coordinated with the breath, with emphasis placed on bringing full awareness to the moment-to-moment experience |
| MBSR element 3: Describe the 'sitting meditation' element | Begin with awareness of the sensations of breathing, then evolve to include awareness of different modalities, including thoughts |
| Outline the effects of the MBSR on the FFMQ results in this study | Those in the MBSR group significantly improved on three elements: acting with awareness, observing and non-judging |
| Outline the effects of the MBSR on the GMC results in this study | GMC increased in five brain areas including the hippocampus, posterior cingulate cortex, temporo-parietal junction, cerebellum and cerebellar vermis |
| What did the researchers conclude from this study? | Mindfulness meditation improves some aspects of mindfulness and increases gray matter concentration in some brain areas |
Created by:
MrSamBlakeley
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