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Hassett details

Cambridge International Hassett details

TermDefinition
What is meant by 'socialisation'? The way in which a child is taught to behave in a way that is acceptable within society
What was the aim of this study? To determine whether sex differences in toy preferences observed in humans were also seen in monkeys
What species of monkey was used in this study? Rhesus
What was the background to this study? It had been established that human boys prefer toys with wheels on them, whereas human girls did not show a particular toy preference
Why were non-humans used in this study? In order to decide whether sex differences were the result of gender socialisation in humans, or due to an innate mechanism
Why were rhesus monkeys chosen specifically? They show hormonally biased sexually differentiated juvenile behaviour, but there is no evidence of gender socialisation
What method was used in this study/ Controlled, non-participant observation
Describe the sample used in this study. Include as many details as possible Rhesus monkeys: 61 female, 21 male from a group of 135. Many had data excluded (e.g. because they had fewer than 5 total behaviour), meaning the final N was 23 females and 11 males
What was the experimental design in this study? Independent groups - as they were either male or female
What was the main independent variable in this study? Sex of the monkey
What were the two categories of toy that monkeys were presented with? Wheeled or plush
How was preference towards toy operationalised in this study? Frequency of interaction with toy and duration of interaction with toy
Give details of control variables in this study Monkeys chosen were not part of any hormonal treatment prior to the study, Placement of toys was counterbalanced
Why was placement of toys counterbalanced? In order to avoid favouring one set of toys over another due to a better placement
List all of the wheeled toy examples Wagon, truck, car, construction vehicle, shopping cart, dump truck
List all of the plush toy examples Winnie-the-Pooh, Raggedy-Ann, koala bear hand puppet, armadillo, teddy bear, Scooby-Doo, turtle
How many trials were used, and how long did each trial last? Seven trials, 25 mins each
BC: Extended touch Placing a hand or foot on toy
BC: Hold Stationary support w/one or more limbs
BC: Sit on Seated on the toy or a part of the toy
BC: Carry in hand Moving w/toy in hand and off the ground
BC: Carry in arm Moving w/ toy in arm and off the ground
BC: Carry in mouth Moving w/toy in mouth and off the ground
BC: Drag Moving the toy along the ground behind the animal
BC: Manipulate part Moving, twisting, or turning a part
BC: Turn entire toy Shifting 3-D orientation of toy
BC: Touch Brief contact using hands or fingers
BC: Sniff Coming very close to the toy with the nose
BC: Mouth Brief oral contact – no biting or pulling
BC: Destroy Using mouth or hands to bite or tear toy
BC: Jump away Approach, then back away from toy with a jumping motion
BC: Throw Project into air with hands
What percentage of males preferred wheeled toys? 73%
What percentage of males preferred plush toys? 9%
What percentage of females preferred wheeled toys? 39%
What percentage of females preferred plush toys? 30%
Which sex spent signifcantly longer with one type of toy than the other? Males
What did Hassett conclude from this study? That sex differences in toy preferences are innate and not due to socialisation
What link was found between rank and toy type preference in females? Females who showed no preference (between plush or wheeled) were, on average, of a lower rank than those who showed a preference for plush toys?
Created by: MrSamBlakeley
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