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Qualitative Research
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Research 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Qualitative Research | Is a type of social science research that collects and works with non-numerical data |
| Aim of Qualitative Research | Is to interpret meaning from the collective data in order to understand social life through the study of targeted populations or places |
| Interpretative Approach | Gain an insider's perspective |
| Transcription | Involves the process of converting audio and video into written text. This allows researchers to work with data in a manageable format and analyze effectively |
| Coding | Process of categorizing data by assigning labels to segments of text that are relevant to the research question. Can be based on themes, concepts, and trends. |
| Analysis | Process of examining coded data to identify patterns, themes, and trends. Can involve summarizing data, comparing and contrasting different codes, and exploring relationships. |
| Method | Is a research tool |
| Methodology | Justification for using a specific research method. It refers to the strategy used. |
| Open-ended Question Survey | Allows respondents to freely express their thoughts and feelings in their own words. |
| In-depth Interviews | Predetermined list of questions or topics for discussion. Evolving of conversation is allowed |
| Oral History | Involves a series of in-depth interviews conducted with one or multiple participants over an extended period of time. |
| Focus Group | Researcher engages a small group of participants (5-15) in a conversation designed to generate data relevant to research question. |
| Observation Study | Unobtrusive measures, which do not disturb or affect the social environment, are employed so participants are unlikely to react, as they are not aware that they are being studied. |
| Content Analysis | Research tool for identifying words, themes, or concepts in a qualitative data like text, enabling researchers to quantify and analyze meanings and relationships |
| Reliability | Refers to the consistency of the results obtained |
| Validity | Refers to whether a test accurately measures what it's supposed to measure |
| Structured Interview | Use of standardized questionnaires, allowing participants to seek clarification on unclear questions, which isn't possible with surveys |
| Semi-Structured Interview | The list of topics and key questions to be covered are flexible, with some questions repeated, others excluded. Providing guidance but not a structured format. |
| In-Depth Interview | Investigating general area of interest. No predetermined list of questions and guidance. You have to have a clear idea about the aspect you want to explore. |
| Narrative Interview | Researcher allows participants time to describe and develop a story, little involvement from the researcher |
| Focus Group Interview | Naturally semi-structured, this approach involves predetermined questions to guide the conversation, yet new questions arise organically |
| Methodologies | Systematic methods used in research to gather, analyze, and interpret data for achieving specific objectives. |
| Ethnography | Is a research method where researchers immerse themselves in a particular culture or social group to observe and understand their behaviors, beliefs, and practices |
| Narrative Methodology | Is a qualitative approach that focuses on understanding individual's experiences and stories to gain insight into their perspectives and meanings they assign. |
| Case Study Methodology | Involves the study of an issue explored through one or more cases within a bounded system |
| 3 Variations of Case Studies | - Single Instrument - Multiple Instrument - Intrinsic Instrument |
| Single Instrument | Researcher focuses on an issue or concern and then selects one bounded case to illustrate the issue |
| Multiple Instrument | One issue or concern is selected but the researcher selects multiple case studies to illustrate the issue to show different perspectives |
| Intrinsic Instrument | Focus is on the case itself because the case presents an unusual or unique situation |
| Phenomenology | Is a research method that explores individual's lived experiences and perceptions of a phenomenon to understand its essence |
| Action Research | Is a methodology where researchers work together to solve real-world issues through a cycle of planning, action, observation, and reflection |
| Discourse Analysis | Is a research method that studies how language is used to create meaning and shape social interactions. |
| Ethnomethodology | Is a sociological approach that studies how people make sense of and navigate everyday social interactions to maintain social order. |
| Grounded Theory | Is a research method focused on developing theories directly from collected data, rather than from pre-existing ideas |
| Data Reduction | Involves organizing and condensing collected data, often through coding. |
| Codes Should Be; | 1. Valid 2. Distinct 3. Exhaustive 4. Insightful |
| Data Display | Using charts, networks, and graphics to understand data better |
| Conclusion / Verification | Drawing conclusions from the data analysis and verifying them using the collected data. |
| Ontological Authenticity | Participants are educated about understanding the social world investigated. |
| Educative Authenticity | Allows participants to develop greater understanding of others within the social world. |
| Catalytic Authenticity | The research enhances decision-making by participants |
| Tactical Authenticity | The research empowers the participants |
| Negative of In-Depth Interview... | Much of the data will lack focus |
| Negative of Focus Group Interview... | Obtaining accurate data is challenging due to variations in participants' personalities and approaches. |
| What is Ethnography characterized by? | - Human Behaviour - Particular group or subculture - Relationship between individuals and their social context - Researcher in a role of insider - Extended period of time |
| Differences between Ethnography and Narrative? | Ethnography places stories within culture. Narrative focuses on the individual story. |
| Differences between Phenomenology and Ethnomethodology? | Phenomenology describes the structure of experiences, while ethnomethodology explores how people use their practical knowledge in everyday situations before those experiences take shape. |
| What key characteristics does Grounded Theory have? | - No narrow research question - Formal literature is delayed - Literature is used as secondary data |
| Analysis of Data Process: | 1. Data Reduction 2. Data Display 3. Conclusion/Verification |
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gabayroi02