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AP Psych: Mod 60-64
Meyers Unit 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| intelligence | mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations. |
| intelligence tests | a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores. |
| g (general intelligence) | a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman and others, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test. |
| factor analysis | a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underline a person's total score. |
| Howard Gardner | intelligence as multiple abilities. |
| savant syndrome | a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing. |
| grit | passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goods. |
| triangle theory | three types-analytical, creative, practical intelligence. |
| social intelligence | the know-how involved in successfully comprehending social situations. |
| emotional intelligence | the ability to perceive, understand, mange, and use emotions. |
| perceiving emotions | recognition in faces, music, and stories. |
| understanding emotions | to predict them/how they change or blend. |
| managing emotions | how to express them in situations. |
| using emotions | enables adaptive or creative thinking. |
| masking image | another image that overrides the lingering after image of the incomplete stimulus. |
| mental age | measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet, the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. |
| Stanford-Binet | the widely used American revision (by Therman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test. |
| IQ (intelligence quotient) | defined as the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100. On contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned to a score of 100. |
| Now days they represent the performance... | relative to the average performance of others the same age. |
| achievement test | tests designed to asses what a person has learned. |
| aptitude test | tests designed to predict a person's future performance; |
| WAIS (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale) | the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests. |
| Must contain three criteria... | standardize, reliable, and valid. |
| standardization | defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group. |
| normal curve | a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall toward the mean 85-115 avg: below 70. |
| Flynn effect | determined the average IQ of humans is steadily increasing over time. |
| reliability | the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, or on .retesting. |
| validity | the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to. |
| content validity | the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest. |
| predictive validity | the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. |
| cross sectional studies | a research design conducted at a single point in time, comparing groups of differing ages to arrive at a conclusions about development. |
| longitudinal | examines how individuals develop by studying the same sample over a long period of time. |
| cohort | a group of people from a given period of time. |
| crystalized intelligence | our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age. |
| fluid intelligence | our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. |
| intellectual disability | (formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound. |
| Down Syndrome | a condition of intellectual disability and associated physical disorders cause by an extra copy of chromosome 21. |
| heritability | the amount of group variation in intelligence that can be attributed to genetics. |
| ploygenetic | a trait that is controlled by various genes and not just one. |
| project Headstart | government funded preschool program. |
| epigenetics | study of the meeting place between nature and nurture. |
| stereotype threat | a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype. |
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kqunell
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