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Image Production
Boards Misc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seperately analyze ROI when more than one exposure is made | Exposure field recognition, partition pattern recognition , segmentation |
| Failure of exposure field recognition | poor overlapping, poor collimation, scatter, |
| Narrow Histogram (contrast) | Long scale contrast, more grays, low contrast |
| Wide Histogram (Contrast) | Short scale contrast, more black and whites, high contrast |
| APR | Anatomically Programmed Radiography |
| Anatomically programmed radiography | Selects processing algorithm, selecting anatomic part and particular projection on control panel. Histogram |
| Look up Tabel (LUT) | Characteristeic Curve, Each of their tonal values and their distribution in the x-ray image |
| Rate at which electrons flow | Amperage |
| Where should compression paddles be applied | Distal ends of ureters |
| Absorbed dose measured in | Gray |
| Preferred Fluoro technique | High kVp, low mAs |
| What must be included on a radiographic image | Patient name, DOB, exam date, facility, Right or left marker |
| To eject a k-shell electron from the tungsten atom, the incoming electron must have an energy of at least | 70 keV |
| kV settings must be tested annually and must be accurate to within | +/- 4 keV |
| What feature is used to display RIS information on currentn patients | Modality Worklist |
| What are the two interactions at the anode | Brems and Characteristic |
| Bundles of energy | photon |
| Size of wavelength of x-ray | Angstrom 10^(-10) m |
| Primary beam | from x-ray tube focal spot |
| Photoelectric effect High or low energy | Low energy (low kV) |
| Compton Scatter High or low energy | High energy (high kV) |
| Which interaction does no ionization occur | Coherent Scatter |
| Another name for Coherent Scatter | Unmodified scatter, Classical Scatter |
| Which interaction ejects an outer shell electron | Compton Scatter |
| Which scatter poses little risk to patient | Compton Scatter- image fog |
| Interaction with matter that is responsible for the majority of scatter radiation reaching IR | Compton Scatter |
| Step up transformer turns ration | High:low Greater the ratio, greater the voltage increase |
| Fixed ratio transformer | Autotransformer |
| Self induction | Autotransformer |
| Mutual induction | Step-up, step-down |
| How does autotransformer work | Sends correct amount of voltage to the primary coil of the high-voltage transformmer to be stepped up to required kV level |
| Where is rectification system located | between the secondary coil of high-voltage transormer and x-ray tube |
| Solid-state diodes | Rectifiers, semiconductive materials, Silicon, selenium or germanium. Conduct electricity only in one direction |
| Air within glass envelope of tube | Gassy tube- cause oxidation and burn out of cathode filament |
| Tungsten atomic number | 74 |
| Material of filament | tungsten |
| material of anode | Tungsten (and Rhenium) Rhenium prevents pitting |
| rotation speed of induction motor | 3600-10,000 rpms |
| Blooming | high mA, focal spot can become hot enough to temporarily grow in size, deminishing resolution |
| QC Collimator accuracy | 2% SID |
| Combination greatest heat-loading capability | small target angle, larger actual focal spot |
| Which portion of x-ray beam is the effective focal spot the smallest | anode end |
| What x-ray tube components is not located within the glass envelope | stator |
| Accuracy of the timer must be within | 5% of the time chosen for exposures over 100 ms |
| Resolution of the television system may be measured using | Resolution test pattern |
| AECs may be tested using | phantoms |
| The mA used for analog fluoroscopy is | 3-5 |
| Marks on the focal track of the anode resulting from bombardment of electrons | Pitting |
| Effective quality control and quality assurance programs are required for accreditation | The Joint Commission |
| Receptor exposure may be defined as | Dose area Product |
| Receptor exposure was formerly called | Density |
| Active portion of a CR IP | PSP Photostimulable phosphor |
| Visible differences in adjacent structures on a radiograph | contrast resolution |
| The primary controlling factor of contrast are | kVp and bit depth |
| Function of the slit camera | Measure focal spot size |
| kV selection in digital imaging has an effect on | photon energy and penetration (image contrast is not primary for digital) |
| what is the intensity of scattered radiation perpendicular to and 1 meter from the patient compared witht the useful beam at the patient's surface | 0.1% |
| small bottle containing a single dose of medication is termed | ampule |
| Purpose of a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line is to deliver what | medication through a vein |
| Most common cause for a nosocomial infection related to the vascular system | poor care of an indwelling vascular access device |
| Polycystic kidney disease seen radiographically | multiple radioluscencies in the renal cortex |
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