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Final review Lumbar
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A portion of the lamina located between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the | Pars interarticularis |
| The superior and inferior vertebral notches join together to form | Intervertebral foramina |
| Which radiographic position best demonstrates the Intervertebral foramina | lateral |
| The small foramina found in the sacrum are called | Pelvic sacral foramina |
| Classification and mobility type of zygapophyseal joints | Synovial and Diarthrodial (plane, gliding) |
| Classification and mobility type of Intervertebral joints | Cartilaginous and Amphiarthrodial |
| To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints, a patient must be rotated how many degrees | 45 |
| What projection are the intervertebral foramina for the lumbar spine visualized | True lateral (90 degrees) |
| Upside or downside joints are visualized on a posterior obliques | Downside |
| An anterior oblique visualizes the downside or upside joints | Upside |
| The upside or left zygapophyseal joints are visualized in what position | Right Anterior Oblique (RAO) |
| The sacrum articulates with the ____ of the pelvis at the ________ | Ilium, auricular surface |
| The anterior and superior aspect of the sacrum that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic inlet is called the | promontory |
| What is another term for the sacral horns | Cornu |
| the SC joints lie at an oblique angle of ____ to the coronal plane | 30 degrees |
| What is the name of the upper broad aspect of the coccyx | Base |
| Lateral curvature of the vertebral column | scoliosis |
| Fracture of the vertebral body caused by hyperflexion force | Chance fracture |
| Congenital defect in which the posterior elements of the vertebrae fail to unite | Spina bifida |
| Most common at the L4-L5 level and may result in sciatica | Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) |
| Forward displacement of one vertebra onto another vertebra | Spondylolisthesis |
| Inflammatory condition that is most common in males in their 30's | Ankylosing spondylitis |
| Dissolution and separation of pars interartcularis | Spondylolysis |
| A type of fracture that rarely causes neurologic deficits | Compression fracture |
| The articulating surfaces of the superior and inferior articular processess are called | Facets |
| The Zygapophyseal joints form a ____ degree angle to the midsag plane | 45 degree |
| The intervertebral foramen is formed by ____ and _____ | Superior and inferior notches |
| The posterior portion of the vertebral arch is formed by fusion of the | two laminae |
| The soft, semigelatinous central portion of an intervertebral disk is called the | nucleus pulposis |
| The lumbosacral junction is located at the aprroximate level of the | iliac and/or crest anterior superior iliac spine |
| An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine results in a condition called | scoliosis |
| The iliac crest is at the approximate level of | L4 |
| When centering for a lateral projection of the L5-S1 junction the CR should placed ____ inches anterior to the palpated spinous processes | 3-4 inches |
| (True/False) The AP lumbar spine is the best projection for demonstrating the spinous processes | False |
| (True/False) If the patient cannot be placed supine, a PA projection of the lumbar spine may be substituted for the AP, provided that no acute trauma is suspected | True |
| (True/False) For a lateral projection of the lumbar spine, the CR enters 1" anterior to the palpated spinous processes | True (1-2") |
| (True/False) If the central ray is placed at the level of the iliac crest using 14x17" IR for a lateral lumbar spine, L1 may not be demonstrated on the image | False |
| (True/False) For an AP projection of the sacrum, the tube is angles 15 degrees cephalic and enters midway between the ASIS and the iliac crest | False (S. Pubis) |
| (True/False) Radiographic magnification of the sacrum will be greater on a PA projection of the sacrum than on a AP sacrum | True |
| (True/False) The correct image receptor size for a lateral coccyx projection is 10x12" | True |
| When a 14x17" IR is used, an AP lumbar spine should be centered: | At the level of the iliac crest |
| Which of the following are not clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the lumbar spine? | Pedicles |
| What is the optimal kVp range for an AP projection of the lumbar spine | 80 kVp |
| For AP projections of the lumbar spine, flat contact gonad shields' should not be used for ____ patients | Female |
| The zygophyseal joints on the side nearer the table are clearly demonstrated when the patient is in the ____ position | RPO |
| Which projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine | AP oblique |
| A lateral lumbar spine image should clearly demonstrate the | intervertebral foramina, spinous processes, and disk spaces |
| If the spine is not parallel to the table for a lateral lumbar spine on a female patient, the CR should be directed | 5 degree caudal |
| The routine IR size for a lateral projection of the L5-S1) junction is ____ inches | 10x12 |
| For a lateral projection of the L5-S1 junction, the CR is placed | 2" inferior to the ASIS |
| The tube angle for a lateral projection of the L5-S1 junction is___,____. | 5-10 degrees, caudal |
| Compared with a routine lateral lumbar spine, the lateral projection of the L5-S1 junction usually requires | More kVp |
| To open the L5-S1 joint space in the AP Axial projection, the tube should be angles cephalic | 35 degree |
| For scoliosis examinations of the lumbar spine, the PA projection is preferred over the AP because PA: | Results in lower patient dose |
| Weight bearing images of the lumbar spine are taken primarily to demonstrate | degree of mobility after spinal fusion |
| Hyperflexion images of the lumbar spine are taken by having the patient bend ___ as much as possible | Forward |
| To determine motion in the area of a spinal fusion of the lumbar spine, which of the following exams is indicated | Upright lateral flexion and extension |
| Which of the following is correct concerning the AP projection of the sacrum | 15 degree cephalic angle of CR |
| The LPO of the lumbar spine demonstrates what structure and what side | Zygapophyseal joints, left side |
| What other view would demonstrate essentially the same structure of the LPO (left joints). | RAO, Left joints |
| On an AP projection of the lumbar spine utilizing 11x14 cassette, the central ray should be directed to _____. | Level of Iliac crest |
| Why is an additional film of L5-S1 necessary in a lumbar spine | To open joint space of L5-S1 |
| The main purpose of the 45 degree obliques for the C-spine is to demonstrate the | Intervertebral Foramina |
| The main purpose of the 90 lateral for the cervical spine is to demonstrate the spinous process as well a profile view of the vertebral and specifically demonstrating the | Z joints |
| The area on the lumbar vertebra where the pedicles and lamina unite and from which superior and inferior articular process arise is the termed the | Pars interarticular |
| The area of the sacrum that articulates with the ilium of the pelvis to form the sacroiliac joints is the _______ surface of the sacrum | Auricular |
| List the degree of obliquity for the Z joints of the lumbar spine from Top to Bottom | 50 degree Top and 30 degree bottom |
| What view best demonstrates the intervertebral foramen of the lumbar spine | Lateral |
| The female sacrum is _____ than the male sacrum | wider and less curved than the male |
| What view best demonstrates the right Z joints of the T-spine | RAO / LPO |
| Type of fracture that runs a course of approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the bone and is caused by angulation | Oblique fracture |
| Type of fracture runs at right angle to the long axis of a bone | Transverse fracture |
| Type of fracture composed of more than two fragments | Comminuted fracture |
| Which vertebrae are fused? | Sacral and coccyx |
| Which vertebra/vertebrae are involved in the yes movement of the head | C1 |
| What is the minimum filtration requirement according to NCRP for a diagnostic unit operating at above 70kVp | 2.5 mm AL |
| Name three ways to increase image contrast | Lower kV, Increase beam restriction, Air gap tech. |
| What is grid radius | Distance between the tube and the grid |
| What does the grid do to the radiographic image | reduce amount of scatter that reaches the IR |
| To visualize the Intervertebral foramina of the T spine The patient must be in a ___ position | 90 degree Rt or Lt lateral |
| What oblique is necessary to open the z joints on the T spine | 70 degree |
| topographical landmark: ASIS | S1-2 |
| topographical landmark: Xiphoid process | T9-10 |
| topographical landmark: Lower costal margin | L2-3 |
| topographical landmark: Iliac crest | L4-5 |
| Which two structures can be evaluated whether rotation is present on a x-ray of an AP projection of a L spine | SI joints equal distance from spine, Spinous process should be midline to vert. column |
| How much rotation is required to properly visualize the Z joints at the L5-S1 level | 30 degrees |
| Which specific set of Z joints is demonstrated with an LAO position | Right upside |
| The ____, which is the eye of the "scottie dog" should be near the center of the vertebral body on a correctly obliqued L spine | Pedicle |
Created by:
Joker71
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