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Safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What refers to the distance between two consecutive wave crests? | wavelength (Lange Prep pg.249) |
| More energetic radiations have shorter wavelengths and a _____________ frequency | higher (Lange Prep pg.249) |
| Frequency and photon energy are __________ related | directly (Lange Prep pg.250) |
| What is the largest sources of natural background radiation exposure? | radon and thoron gas (Lange Prep pg.251) |
| What are the three types of beam restrictors? | collimators, cones(cylinder), and aperture diaphragms (Lange Prep pg.274) |
| The NCRP states that collimators must be accurate to within ______ % of the SID? | 2 (Lange Prep pg.276) |
| Beam restriction can help improve the _________ of image details because less scatter fog affects the IR | visibility (Lange Prep pg.276) |
| What type of generators are normally smaller, more efficient and less costly than others? | high-frequency (Lange Prep pg.277) |
| Filtration has no effect on ____________ | receptor exposure (Lange Prep pg.277) |
| What type of filtration is the glass envelope and the oil coolant/insulation? | inherent filtration (Lange Prep pg.278) |
| What are the two types of AEC's and which is most common? | Phototimer and ionization timer -most common (Lange Prep pg.285) |
| What refers to the amount of time the space beyond the barrier is occupied? | occupancy factor (Lange Prep pg.297) |
| What type of barriers protect from scattered and leakage radiations? | secondary barriers (Lange Prep pg.297) |
| What is the traditional unit for the SI unit of Air Kerma? | roentgen (Lange Prep pg.308) |
| What is the SI unit for the traditional unit rem? | sievert (Lange Prep pg.308) |
| What are the units to describe absorbed dose? | SI=Gray / Traditional = Rad (Lange Prep pg.308) |
| What response relationship indicates that there is no safe dose, that any dose can cause biologic effect? | nonthreshold dose (Lange Prep pg. 256) |
| Tissues are more radiosensitive in ____________ temperatures | higher (Lange Prep pg. 260) |
| What is termed as the rate at which radiation deposits energy as it passes through tissue? | LET Linear energy transfer (Lange Prep pg. 258) |
| What is the most radiosensitive cell? | lymphocyte (Lange Prep pg.262) |
| What type of effect is cataracts? | late somatic effect (Lange Prep pg. 266) |
| What are the four stages of ARS (acute radiation syndrome)? | Prodromal, Latent, Manifest illness, and recover/death (Lange Prep pg. 267) |
| Which stage of ARS do symptoms disappear and the individual seems healthy? | Latent stage (Lange Prep pg. 267) |
| You should set the technique to be optimal with the _____________ kVp and __________ mAs combination | highest kVp, lowest mAs (Lange Prep pg. 288) |
| Along with time and distance, what is the other guideline for reducing radiographic exposure? | shielding (Lange Prep pg. 296) |
| What is the most accurate personnel dosimeter and uses a thin layer of Al2O3 to store information? | OSL (Lange Prep pg. 317) |
| What type dosimeter uses LiF crystals to store exposure information and is more precise and expensive than film badges? | TLDs (Lange Prep pg. 317) |
| The pregnant radiographer's gestational exposure to the embryo must not exceed _____ mSv | 5 (Lange Prep pg. 320) |
| How many mrem is 5 mSv? | 500 (Lange Prep pg.320) |
| What crystals are used in a TLD? | lithium fluoride LiF (Lange Prep pg.320) |
| What unit is used to express kinetic energy releases in matter, and is the SI unit of exposure? | kerma (Lange Prep pg.316) |
| What is the SI unit Gray (Gy) used for? | absorbed dose (Lange Prep pg.316) |
| What barriers serve to protect us from the useful beam? | primary (Lange Prep pg.305) |
| Collimator or beam allignment must be accurate to within _____%? | 2 (Lange Prep pg.305) |
| A _________ mAs and a __________ kVp will decrease patient dose | lower ; higher (Lange Prep pg.305) |
| What is 1 inch equal to in cm? | 2.54 (Lange Prep pg.289) |
| The SSD must be at least _______ in stationary fluoro equipment | 38cm or 15in (Lange Prep pg.289) |
| The SDD must be at least _________ in mobile flouro equipment | 30 cm or 12 in (Lange Prep pg.289) |
| How can we ensure no voluntary motion? | effective communication (Lange Prep pg. 285) |
| With added filtration, the x-ray beam energy is __________ | increased (Lange Prep pg.279) |
| Production of __________ radiation involves a high speed electron that is deflected from its path and the loss of kinetic energy is emitted in the form of x-ray photons | bremsstralung (Lange Prep pg.252 |
| Production of ____________ radiation involves a high speed electron that encounters a tungsten atom and ejects a K-shell electron, thereby leaving a vacancy | characteristic (Lange Prep pg.253) |
| The energy of the characteristic ray is equal to the difference in binding energies between the __ and __ shells | K & L (Lange Prep pg.253) |
| What interaction is most likely to occur within tissues having a higher atomic number such as bone? | photoelectric (Lange Prep pg.253) |
| Which interaction involves a recoil electron? | compton scatter (Lange Prep pg. 253) |
| In what dose-response relationship does a dose have to be recieved before a response can occur? | threshold (Lange Prep pg.255) |
| What dose response explains that there is no safe dose of radiation; and any can cause biologic effect? | nonthreshold (Lange Prep pg. 257) |
| Diagnostic x-radiation is _____ LET radiation. | low (Lange Prep pg.263) |
| LET and RBE are __________ related | directly (Lange Prep pg.261) |
| The __________ cells of the gonads are very radiosensitive | genetic (Lange Prep pg.260) |
| What is the best way to reduce patient dose? | collimate (Lange Prep pg. 274) |
| How much filtration does the glass envelope account for? | 0.5 Al equiv. (Lange Prep pg. 276) |
| To help reduce exposure to reproductive organs, it is best to preform abdominal radiography in the ________ projection when possible | PA (Lange Prep pg. 283) |
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