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Boards Study
Radiography Boards study
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Shows the lesser tubercle of the humerus in profile and directed anteriorly | inferosuperior axial projection (Lawrence method) |
Beam Penetrability is affected by | kVp Filtration |
Urography exam demonstrates the physiologic function of the urinary system | Intravenous urography Contrast into vein, travels through bloodstream where renal glomeruli filter it, then nephron function due to water absorption |
Best control the production of scatter | Reducing field size |
anaphylactic shock -- medication | epinephrine |
Individual receibes an acute, high dose of radiation to forearm, correct order of effects | Erythema, epilation, esquamation |
Order of fluor studies | VCUG, Barium enema, Upper GI No contrast first, Upper GI last |
Collection of disc dribes that perform together as a single unit and improve reliability of data storage | redundant array of independent disks (RAID) |
RAO upper GI rotation | 40-70 degrees |
Base layer of flat-panel detector is made of | glass |
Leakage radiation is | monoenergetic |
Ferguson Method of lumbosacral junction | 30-35 cephalic |
Patient rotation for contrast urography oblique | 30 degrees |
Typical Grid ratios for fluoroscopic units | 6:1-10:1 |
Total electrical charge generated by an x-ray beam per unit mass of air | Exposure |
An increase in size of FOV would cause | decrease in spatial resolution increase in pixel size |
Ratio of a piel's total size to its actual collection area | fill factor |
What 2 positions place the patient in such a way that barium sulfate can be seen in the fundus of stomach | LPO and Supine |
exposure measured in | C/kg |
Air Kerma measured in | Gy |
Quantity also refers to | intensity* |
Decreasing anode angle results in | increased heel effect more x-rays get absorbed in the anode intensity decreases on anode side |
Veins | Away from the heart |
Artery | Toward the heart |
Outer portion of kidney | Cortex |
inner portion of kidney | Medulla |
Functional part of the kidney | Nephron |
How long are the Ureters | 27 cm |
Wilm's Tumor | Malignant cancer of kidney in children |
Centering IVU Supine KUB | Iliac Crest |
Left Later decubitus Abdomen centering | 2 inches superior iliac crest |
Centering AP Erect Abdomen | 2 inches superior iliac crest |
Type of obliques for IVU | RPO and LPO |
RPO IVU Degree and demonstrate | 30 Degrees Left Kidney Right Ureter Center at Iliac Crest |
LPO IVU Degree and Demonstrate | 30 degrees Right kidney Left Ureter Center Iliac Crest |
Centering IVU bladder | Supine, ASIS, perpendicular ray |
Post Void IVU | Supine AP, Center at crest |
Retrograde Urography (pyelography) Position | AP, RPO, LPO |
Who performs Retrograde Urography | Urologist |
Included on retrograde urography | Both kidneys and ureters |
Centering Voiding Cystourethrogram | Pubic Symphysis (male and Female) |
Projection female voiding cystourethrogram | AP |
Position Male voiding cystourethrogram | 30 Degree RPO |
Degree could be used for female voiding cystourethrogram | 5 Degree Caudal |
Cystourethrogram vs. Cystogram | Cystourethrogram is voiding |
Cystourethrogram purpose | Function of bladder, urethra REFLUX |
RPO LPO rotation for Cystography | 45-60 degrees Posterolateral bladder UV junction |
Centering for AP axial Cystography | 2-3 inches superior pubic symphysis |
Beam angle AP axial Cystography | 5 degree caudal |
Cystogram PA Centering | 1 inch distal cocyxx 10-15 degree cephalic |
Lateral Cystogram centering | 2-3 inch above pubic symphysis Perpendicular |
Spot images taken small bowel when contrast reaches | iliocecal valve |
RAO esophageal rotation | 35-40 degrees |
Oblique for esophagram | RAO places esophagus between vertebrae and heart |
What does LAO esophagram show | esophagus between T spine and lungs RAO is best*** |
Double walled serous membrane associated with abdomen | peritoneum |
Largest solid organ | Liver |
What quadrant is liver located | RUQ |
What lies within the loop of the duodenum | Head of the pancreas |
Structures of upper GI | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines |
Indications for using double contrast for UGI | polyps, ulcers, carcinoma---- NO BLOCKAGE |
Acute cholecystitis | Inflammation of gallbladder |
Colon Cancer sign | applecore |
Cholelithiasis | Gallstones |
Crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the bowel |
diverticulosis | pouch-like herniations through the wall of the colon |
Esophageal varices | varicose veins at distal end of esophagus |
gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
Hiatal hernia | Portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm |
ileus | intestinal obstruction immobility of bowel or mechanical obstruction |
Intussusception | prolaps of one segment of bowel into anoother section of the bowel |
IBS | irritable bowel syndrome Abnormal increase in small and large bowel motility |
Large Bowel Obstruction | massive accumulation of gas proximal to obstruction or absence of gas distal to obstruction High risk for bowel perforation |
Peptic ulcer disease | Loss of mucous membrane in a portion of the GI system, Craterlike appearance |
Pyloric Stenosis | Narrowing of pyloric sphincter |
Small bowel obstruction | Distended loops of bowel, filled with gas Bowel proximal to obstruction may be fluid filled |
Ulcerative colitis | Severe inflammation of the colon and rectum-- ulceration |
Volvulus | twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction |
Intensity of the x-ray beam expressed in units of | C/kg |
How many facial bones are there | 14 |
Benign Tumor filled with material such as hair and teeth | Dermoid Cyst |
Stress images of the ankle may be ordered to evaluate which pathologic condition | Inversion/ eversion injury |