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WM & Explicit/Implic
Lecture 11 & Ogden Reading
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| patient H.M. underwent a bilateral medial temporal-lobe resection for the relief of | intractable epilepsy which reduced the seizures to manageable levels but resulted in dense global amnesia |
| what kind of seizures did H.M. have? | petit mal seizures at 10 years old and grand Mal seizures at 16 |
| after the bilateral medial temporal-lobe resection what kind of amnesia did H.M. experience? | profound anterograde & temporally graded retrograde amnesia but other cognitive features remain unaffected |
| as soon as H.M.'s immediate memory span is exceeded by 1 item,, he is distracted, he is unable to rehearse the material verbally | he forgets it |
| H.M.'s long-term memory for verbal & nonverbal material in all modalities | is severely impaired |
| H.M. has some ability to | store & use new info |
| H.M.'s retrograde amnesia | extended back 11 years before operation with all his memories being from before he was 16 years old |
| H.M. is unable to update | his memories & recall the slightly changed version |
| H.M. has dense | anterograde amnesia for nearly all episodic info since operation |
| explicit memory describes | traditional test of recognition & recall or knowing "that" |
| implicit memory describes | a range of memory abilities that don't require the explicit conscious recollection of previous experiences or knowing "how" |
| H.M. shows implicit learning without explicit knowledge or | ability to learn new procedural skills without explicit knowledge of previously performing the task |
| H.M. is unable to recall/recognize | verbal/nonverbal material whether it is presented in visual, auditory, or tactile modality |
| essential processes involved in verbal long-term memory are mediated predominately by | temporal lobe structures & especially the hippocampus & amygdala of hemisphere dominant for speech (usually the left) |
| essential processes involved in nonverbal long-term memory are mediated by | temporal lobe structures of the "non-verbal" hemisphere (usually right) |
| because of H.M.'s amnesia other patients with intractable temporal-lobe epilepsy who are being considered for resection of one temporal lobe are carefully assessed for evidence verbal/nonverbal memory impairment & | if this is the case then resecting the epileptogenic temporal lobe might result in global amnesia |
| following a unilateral temporal lobectomy patients whose other temporal lobe is functioning normally | don't become amnesiac & don't suffer profound material-specific memory impairments |
| Tucking proposed a dissociation between | context free generic knowledge of the world (semantic memory) & autobiographical records of personal experience associated with a particular time/place (episodic memory) |
| it is shown that amnesic patients demonstrate preserved learning only when | assessed without subjects explicit knowledge |
| the hippocampus & amygdala is important for | encoding & storage of new explicit info whether it is episodic or semantic |
| most task requiring implicit learning don't require the | amygdala & anterior hippocampus wether it involves motor, perceptual or cognitive skills |
| priming is where | previous exposure of a stimulus facilitates processing of that stimulus in the future & is apart of implicit memory |
| psychogenic amnesia is | amnesia that has a psychological genesis or due to psychological trauma & is relatively rare in the real world |
| organic amnesia is caused by | brain damage (to the hippocampus) |
| Korsakoff's amnesia is due to | severe alcoholism which results in vitamin deficiency leading to amnesia |
| for explicit task test there is | no modality effect. equal performance in both modes of presentation |
| in implicit task test it was found that | faster at naming the word if the word had been visually presented since the word had also been presented visually in the test phase & slower of presented auditory |
| modality of presentation affects | implicit memory performance but not explicit memory performance |
| words can be encoded at | different depths where deeper encoding = easier to remember = better explicit memory |
| the shallowest form of encoding is | physical (appearance of letters) |
| the intermediate form of encoding is | acoustic (sound of word) |
| the deepest form of encoding is | semantic (meaning of word) |
| depth of processing affects | explicit but not implicit memory |
| explicit memory is divided into | semantic memory & episodic memory which is found in hippocampal region |
| implicit memory is divided into | skills & habits (striatum), priming (cortex), classical conditioning (amygdala & cerebellum) |
Created by:
kzegelien2005
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