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GI 1 & 2
| Generic | Brand | Pharmacologic Category | Common Indications | Classification | Essential Knowledge |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| dicyclomine (PO) | Bentyl | Anticholinergic; Antispasmodic | IBS | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, blurred vision, dizziness, xerostomia, constipation | |
| linaclotide (PO) | Linzess | Guanylate cyclase C agonist | IBS-C, opioid-induced constipation | Key Side Effects: diarrhea, abdominal pain. US Boxed Warning: do not use in patients <2 yrs of age (risk of death due to dehydration) | |
| dexamethasone (PO, IV) | DexPak, DoubleDex | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, cerebral edema, CINV | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | |
| methylprednisolone (PO, IM, IV) | Medrol, Solu-Medrol | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | |
| prednisolone (PO) | Orapred | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | |
| prednisone (PO) | Deltasone, Rayos | Corticosteroid | Inflammatory diseases, COPD exacerbation, asthma exacerbation, acute gout | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) | |
| hydrocortisone (PO, IV, topical) | Topical: Cortaid IV: Solu-Cortef | Corticosteroid | Topical: Inflammation, rash PO/IV: Acute illness, adrenal insufficiency | Topical: OTC | Key Side Effects: hyperglycemia, increased appetite with weight gain, depression, irritability, anxiety, restlessness, insomnia, osteoporosis (chronic use), Cushing's syndrome (chronic use) |
| metoclopramide (PO, IV) | Reglan | Dopamine (D2) antagonist | Gastroparesis, GERD, nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dystonia, akathisia, EPS, QTc prolongation, diarrhea, hyperprolactinemia. US Boxed Warning: may cause tardive dyskinesia, do not use >12 weeks. | |
| ondansetron (PO, IV) | Zofran | Selective serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist | Nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: headache, fatigue, constipation, QTc prolongation | |
| promethazine (PO, IM, IV, PR) | Phenergan | Histamine (H1) antagonist | Motion sickness, nausea, vomiting | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, QTc prolongation, EPS. US Boxed Warning: potential for fatal respiratory depression in patients < 2 yrs old; injection can cause peripheral extravasation (preferred parenteral route is IM) | |
| lactulose (PO) | Enulose, Constulose | Osmotic laxative | Constipation, hepatic encephalopathy | Key Side Effects: abdominal cramps, abdominal distention, diarrhea, flatulence | |
| diphenoxylate and atropine (PO) | Lomotil | Antidiarrheal | Diarrhea | CS-V | Key Side Effects: nausea, confusion, drowsiness, dizziness, xerostomia, tachycardia, urinary retention |
| famotidine (PO, IV) | Pepcid, Zantac 360 | Histamine (H2) antagonist | GERD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | PO: OTC | Key Side Effects: headache, constipation, diarrhea, mental status changes |
| dexlansoprazole (PO) | Dexilant | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) | |
| esomeprazole (PO, IV) | Nexium | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | PO: OTC | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
| lansoprazole (PO) | Prevacid | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | OTC | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
| omeprazole (PO) | Prilosec | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | OTC | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) |
| pantoprazole (PO, IV) | Protonix | Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) | GERD, PUD, erosive esophagitis, SUP | Key Side Effects: headaches, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, bone fracture, vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia, increased risk of clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea (CDAD) | |
| sucralfate (PO) | Carafate | Gastrointestinal protectant | duodenal ulcers | Key Side Effects: constipation, bezoar formation | |
| polyethylene glycol 3350 (PO) | MiraLax | Osmotic laxative | Constipation | OTC | Key Side Effects: abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance |
| senna (PO) | Ex-Lax, Senokot | Stimulant laxative | Constipation | OTC | Key Side Effects: abdominal cramping, electrolyte imbalance |
| docusate (PO) | Colace | Stool softener | Prevent straining during defecation | OTC | No Side Effects |
| meclizine (PO) | Bonine | Histamine (H1) antagonist | Motion sickness, vertigo | OTC | Key Side Effects: drowsiness, dry mouth, blurry vision |
Created by:
Kateloki
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