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1 Ch - Phy Sc M 12B
Earth Science - Our Earth (Apologia Physical Science M 12B)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| water falling from the atmosphere as rain, snow, sleet, or hail | precipitation |
| when precipitation runs along the surface of the land into a body of water | surface runoff |
| The hydrologic cycle constantly exchanges water between all the sources in the | hydrosphere. |
| evaporation and condensation of a mixture to separate out the mixture's individual components | distillation |
| any process that breaks down rocks and creates sediment | weathering |
| the physical process of breaking rock into smaller fragments; does not alter the composition of the rock | mechanical weathering |
| the most common form of mechanical weathering; occurs when water makes its way into cracks in rock and then freezes, wedging the crack farther apart | ice wedging or frost wedging |
| when one rock bumps, scrapes, or grinds against another rock, such as when gravity causes rocks to tumble down hills or strong winds blast sand and small rocks against other surfaces | abrasion |
| when plant roots grow into cracks and exert a force powerful enough to slowly wedge the rocks apart | biomechanical weathering |
| occurs through chemical reactions; water, carbon dioxide and oxygen are all key agents in these changes | chemical weathering |
| when a chemical reaction occurs between a compound and water | hydrolysis |
| when oxygen in the air comes into contact with iron and causes rust | oxidation |
| the process that moves sediment | erosion |
| The main, natural element that shapes the land is the | erosion by the movement of water under the force of gravity. |
| Erosion often begins when runoff carries small particles of soil and rocks downhill by the force of _______________. | gravity |
| a flat area around a stream that is only entirely covered by water during floods | flood plain |
| Meanders form when | faster waters erode stream banks causing curves to form. Slower waters then deposit sediments on the inside of the curves |
| Moving bodies of water (rivers, streams, etc)create _____ shaped valleys. | V |
| Moving glaciers create _____ shaped valleys. | U |
| Caves are formed by ____________________ weathering. | mechanical |
| when mechanical weathering occurs through glacial ice widening cracks in the bedrock beneath a glacier | plucking |
| when water in a cave drips all of the way down to the floor creating a pillar that grows upward | stalagmites |
| when water in a cave drips from the rock layers above, carrying dissolved minerals such as calcium carbonate, forming an icicle-like formation | stalactites |
| a process of wind erosion where wind removes sand and dust from the ground and leaves a hard surface of larger rocks behind | deflation |
| when erosion weakens a layer of limestone under the surface, causing entire portions of the ground to suddenly collapse | sinkhole |
| formed when a river or stream flows downhill to a plain where the sediment settles into the ground, forming a fan shaped deposit | alluvial fan |
| formed when a stream or river ends by flowing into a lake or an ocean, depositing the sediment it carries before entering the body of water | delta |
Created by:
MrsHough
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