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Y7 Geography R&F
Revision of Rivers and Flooding
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Condensation | The water vapour condenses into tiny water droplets which then turn into clouds |
| Precipitation | Big water droplets fall as either rain, hail or snow |
| Evaporation | Water evaporates into water vapour |
| Interception | Leaves catch some rain as it falls |
| Transpiration | Plants and trees also breathe out water vapour through holes in thier leaves |
| Surface Runoff | If the ground is hard or very wet rainwater just runs along it |
| Infilteration | Rain soaks through ground |
| Through Flow | Below the ground some water flows sideways through the soil |
| Groundwater | When water soaks right down and fills up the pores and cracks in the rock |
| Groundwater Flow | Groundwater flows along slowly |
| Permeable Rock | Lets water seep through |
| Impermeable rock | Does'nt let rain seep through |
| Percolation | Water going down underground just beneath infiltration |
| Source | Starting point of the river |
| Drainage basin | The area in which rain water drains into the river |
| Watershed | Imaginery boundry that seperates one drainage basin from the next.Usually on high ground |
| Confluence | When rivers meet |
| Flood Plain | Land that gets flooded when river overflows |
| Mouth of River | Where the water flows into the sea, ocean or lake |
| River Bank | Side of River |
| River bed | Floor of river |
| Channel | Where the river flows |
| Tributaries | Smaller rivers that join the big river |
| As you go down a river it gets: | Wider,Flatter,Smoother |
| Erosion | Pick up a material from a place |
| Transportation | Moving the eroded material down the river |
| Depoistion | When the river reaches flatter land it slows down and is no longer able to carry all the material so it deposits larger materials first getting smaller as you go along |
| What are the 3 jobs of a river? | Erosion,Deposistion,Transportation |
| Abrasion | Sand and stones scrape the bed and banks eroding them away. |
| Attrition | Rocks and stones knock together and wear each other away. |
| Hydrauaulic action | Water is forced into the cracks in the bank and eventually break |
| Solution | Is dissolved material in the river it can be carried along but you cant see it |
| Suspension | Small particles of rock and soil are carried along in the water.They make it look muddy |
| Bedload | Heavier material carried along th bottom of th river |
| Saltation | Sand grains and small stones bounce along the bottom |
| Traction | Large rocks and stones roll along the bed |
| Sediment | The deposited material |
| V-Shaped Valley | The river cuts down like a saw this is called downward erosion.Raining in the V-Shaped valley will make it wider |
| Waterfall | 1)Hard rock and soft rock 2)River flows over the hard rock it erodes the soft rock which forms a plunge pool3)Then it erodes away under the hard rock forming an undercut4)The ledge collapses under own weight into the plunge pool then back to beginning |
| Meanders | Water on the outer curve is fast and water on the inside is slow.Erosion takes place on the fast.Deposistion takes place on the slow.Over time the erosion increase and so dors the deposistion.A meander is formed. |
| Oxbow lakes | During a flood the river cuts across the meander.After time deposistion builds up along the edge and the oxbow lake is closed off the water stays the same. |
| Gorges | The gorge is a force of downward erosion that leads past the waterfall |
| What 6 factors increase the risk of flooding?Why? | 1)Impermeable rock2)Hard dry soil3)Wet saturated soil4)Steep slopes5)Cutting down trees6)Building in the drainage basin |
| Name 6 man made buildings or things can get ruined during floods? | 1)Homes2)Office3)Schools4)Shops5)Malls6)Roads |
| How can floods give you diseases such as typhoid? | Sewage system water gets mixed with drinking water can make you very ill. |
| Name 4 things that could be swept off in a flood | 1)Farm animals2)Crops3)Cars4)Furniture |
| How many cm of water on average does it take to sweep you off your feet | 15cm |
| Meanders | Water on the outer curve is fast and water on the inside is slow.Erosion takes place on the fast.Deposistion takes place on the slow.Over time the erosion increase and so dors the deposistion.A meander is formed. |
| Oxbow lakes | During a flood the river cuts across the meander.After time deposistion builds up along the edge and the oxbow lake is closed off the water stays the same. |
| Gorges | The gorge is a force of downward erosion that leads past the waterfall |
| What 6 factors increase the risk of flooding?Why? | 1)Impermeable rock2)Hard dry soil3)Wet saturated soil4)Steep slopes5)Cutting down trees6)Building in the drainage basin |
| Name 6 man made buildings or things can get ruined during floods? | 1)Homes2)Office3)Schools4)Shops5)Malls6)Roads |
| How can floods give you diseases such as typhoid? | Sewage system water gets mixed with drinking water can make you very ill. |
| Name 4 things that could be swept off in a flood | 1)Farm animals2)Crops3)Cars4)Furniture |
| How many cm of water on average does it take to sweep you off your feet | 15cm |
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